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Muslim Women at Work: Religious Discourses in Arab Society

A Persistent Participation Gap Gender Gap in Education Female Labor Force Participation Education Participation Paradox Income Gap Women in Leadership Gaps Within Arab Countries Conclusion Notes What the Qur’an Says The Qur’an Annur: The Light (Verse 30 and Part of Verse 31)Annur: The Light (Second Part of Verse 31)Ahzab—The Combined Forces (Verse 53)After the Veil Conclusion Notes The Critics What’s in a Dress?The Veil The Veil Feeding Gender Inequality The Veil: Two-Way Discrimination The Veil and Harassment Veil and Identity Qiwamah Conclusion Notes Islamic Discourses Historical Context Veil as a Face Cover Veil as a Headscarf Islamic Feminism Qiwamah Women’s Agency and False Consciousness Reasons for the Veil Who Owns the Public Space?Conflicting Feminisms Notes The Way Forward Social Modernization Did Not Close the Gender Gap Education Is Not Significantly Closing the Gender Gap Regulatory Changes Are Not Closing the Gender Gap A Quota System Does Not Ensure Participation Feminist Action Is Not Closing the Gap Does Global Feminism Help?Colonial Feminism Who Is Responsible?Final Words Notes

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