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Manufacturing transformation : comparative studies of industrial development in Africa and emerging

The Pursuit of Industry. Policies and Outcomes Introduction Industrialization, Structural Transformation, and Growth Industrial Policies and Outcomes in Africa: From a Dominant State to the Investment Climate State Ownership and Import Substitution, 1960-85 EARLY INDUSTRIALIZATION THE INDUSTRIALIZATION DRIVE FALTERS The Washington Consensus, 1985-2000 STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT A SHORT-LIVED INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY Investment Climate Reform and New Directions, 2000-INVESTMENT CLIMATE REFORMS NEW DIRECTIONS NOT YET A TURNING POINT Policies and Outcomes in Emerging Asia Early Industrialization, 1960-85 Structural Reform and the Export Push, 1985-Policy and Performance: A Comparative Framework The Basics Manufactured Exports Industrial Agglomerations Foreign Direct Investment Conclusions References I Industrial Development in Africa Industrial Policy and Development in Ethiopia Introduction Evolution of Industry: Historical Perspective The Imperial Regime, pre-1974 The Dergue Regime, 1974-91 The EPRDF Regime, post-1991 The Current Structure of the Ethiopian Manufacturing Sector Size Distribution Sectoral Composition Sunrise and Sunset Industries Ownership Types Trade Orientation Geographic Distribution Patterns of Industrial Productivity in the Ethiopian Manufacturing Sector Productivity across Firm Size Productivity across Sectors The Current Industrial Policy Framework Industrial Policy in Practice—Some Industry Cases The Textile and Leather Sectors The Flower Industry Remaining and Emerging Challenges References Industrial Policy in Ghana. Its Evolution and Impact The Evolution of Industry Historical Developments since 1965 PRE-ECONOMIC RECOVERY PROGRAMME, 1965-83 POST-ECONOMIC RECOVERY PROGRAMME, 1983-2000 THE NEW MILLENNIUM, 2000-5 Policies for Industrial Development (Historical Evolution)POST-INDEPENDENCE, PRE-ERP: INWARD OVERPROTECTED ISI STRATEGY, 1965-83 POST-ERP: OUTWARD LIBERALIZED INDUSTRIALIZATION STRATEGY, 1983/84-2000 The Current Structure of the Industrial Sector Sector Composition Size Distribution Employment Ownership Spatial Distribution Sunrise and Sunset Industries SUNRISE SECTORS SUNSET SECTORS Patterns of Industrial Productivity The Industrial Policy Framework Macroeconomic Policies Trade Policies The Institutional and Regulatory Framework Sector Specific Policies Emerging Policy Issues References Kenya's Industrial Development. Policies, Performance, and Prospects Introduction Evolution of Industrial Policies since Independence Import Substitution Hangover, 1963-70 Policies during External Shocks, 1970s Structural Adjustment and Liberalization, 1980s and 1990s New Millennium Policies Key Industrialization Episodes and Turning Points Structure of the Industrial Sector Sectoral Composition Manufacturing Employment Size Distribution Ownership Sunrise and Sunset Industries Labour and Total Factor Productivity Conclusions Factors Undermining Industrial Development in Kenya References Mozambique's Industrial Policy. Sufficient to Face the Winds of Globalization?The Evolution of Industry Colonial Industrial Development, 1945-74 Post-independence Industrial Development, 1975-86: Central Planning Economy Transitional Industrial Development, 1987-96: Towards a Market Oriented Economy Current Industrialization Pattern: IPS 1997 and IPS 2007 Current Structure of the Industrial Sector Industrial Output Firm Size in the Industrial Sector Contribution from the Industrial Sector to Employment Ownership of Industrial Firms Sunset and Sunrise Industries Industrial Policy Framework Macroeconomic Policies Trade Policies Institutional and Regulatory Framework Current Constraints for Future Industrial Development SKILLS AND EDUCATION ACCESS TO ENERGY AND WATER FINANCIAL RESOURCE ACCESS ACCESS TO SUITABLE TECHNOLOGY Conclusion References Industrial Policy in Nigeria. Opportunities and Challenges in a Resource-rich Country Introduction Evolution of Industry: Historical Perspective Post-independence Post-civil War Oil Economy Austerity Structural Adjustment Economic Liberalization The Structure of Industry Structural Composition and Firm Characteristics Technology and Skills Constraints Productivity SPACIAL DISTRIBUTION Sunrise and Sunset Industries Industrial Policy Framework Policy Management and Coordination Macroeconomic Policies Industrial Policy Trade Policies The Institutional and Regulatory Framework Sector Specific Policies Conclusion References Industrial Policy in Senegal Introduction The Evolution of Senegal's Industrial Policy From Import Substitution to Economic Liberalization TARIFF PROTECTION QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS THE INVESTMENT CODE DAKAR INDUSTRIAL FREE TRADE ZONE INDUSTRIAL ZONES Adjustment Policies and Liberalization of the Economy Implementation of a Common External Tariff Deepening Economic Liberalization and Other Measures to Promote the Private Sector The Industrial Policy Framework and Emerging Questions The Structure of the Industrial Sector Employment Foreign Direct Investment Profile of Firms Patterns of Industrial Productivity Factors Affecting Firm Productivity in Senegal LACK OF SKILLED LABOUR POOR INFRASTRUCTURE Industrial Policy Trade Policy Reforms and Manufacturing Performance Sunrise and Sunset Industries Conclusion and Emerging Policy Issues References Industrial Development in Tanzania Introduction Historical Developments: Pre-independence Period Industrial Development, 1961-85 Industrial Development in the Early Post-independence Period, 1961-7 State-led Industrial Development, 1967-85 Industrial Development under Structural Adjustment, 1986-95 The Return to Industrial Development as a Development Agenda, 1995-2011 Conclusion and Way Forward References Tunisia. Industrial Policy in the Transition to Middle-income Status Introduction Evolution of Industry: Historical Perspectives Initial Conditions The 1960s: 'Collectivism' Experiment The 1970s: Private Sector Development and Export Industry Promotion Economic Mismanagement, 1977-86 Economic Recovery and Structural Adjustment Programme, 1986-90 The 1990s: Global Competition Development of Services and Innovative Projects, Early 2000s-2011 The Arab Spring: Tunisian Revolution of 14 January 2011 YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT REGIONAL DISPARITIES ECONOMIC COSTS OF THE ARAB SPRING GOVERNMENT MEASURES ECONOMIC RECOVERY, 2012 The Structure of Industry Three Pillars of the Tunisian Manufacturing Industry TEXTILE/CLOTHING AND LEATHER/FOOTWEAR INDUSTRIES AGRO-FOOD INDUSTRIES MECHANICAL/ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES Evolution of Manufacturing Industry: More Competitiveness and Openness EXPORT AND OFFSHORING Industrial Policy Foreign Direct Investment R&D and Innovation Policies in Tunisia Sunrise and Sunset Industries Production, Investment, and Exports: Overview Conclusions References The Evolution of Industry in Uganda Introduction The Evolution of Industry: Historical Perspective The Structure of Industry Sectoral Composition: General Trends Sub-sectoral Analysis The Manufacturing Sector SIZE DISTRIBUTION REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION EMPLOYMENT OWNERSHIP PRODUCTIVITY Mining and Quarrying SIZE DISTRIBUTION REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION EMPLOYMENT OWNERSHIP Construction SIZE DISTRIBUTION REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION EMPLOYMENT OWNERSHIP Summary The Industrial Policy Framework Macroeconomic Policies Trade Policy Reform and its Implications for Industrialization Sector-specific Policies Institutional and Regulatory Framework Summary Sunrise and Sunset Industries Textiles Information and Communications Technology Construction Mining Conclusions References II Industrial Development in Emerging Asia Cambodia's Path to Industrial Development. Policies, Lessons, and Opportunities Introduction Evolution of Industry: Historical Perspective Sihanouk Regime, 1953-70 Khmer Republic, 1970-5 Closed Economy, 1975-89 DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA, 1975-9 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KAMPUCHEA, 1979-89 State of Cambodia and the UN Period, 1989-93 Kingdom of Cambodia, 1993-The Structure of Industry Sectoral Composition Size of Firms Ownership Structure Employment Age of Firms Spatial Distribution Industrial Policy Macroeconomic Policy Trade Policy Labour Market Policies The Institutional and Regulatory Framework Sector Specific Policies GARMENT SECTOR TOURISM Sunset and Sunrise Industries Conclusion References The Evolution of Vietnamese Industry Introduction The Evolution of Industry Socialist Industrialization in the North, 1954-75 Socialist Industrialization in the Central Planning Economy, 1976-85 The Transition from Centrally Planned to Market Economy, 1986-2005 Industrialization Following WTO Accession, 2006-The Current Structure of the Industrial Sector Sectoral Composition Employment and Size of Firms Ownership Structure Spatial Distribution Industrial Policy Framework Macroeconomic Policies Trade Policies The Institutional and Regulatory Framework Sector Specific Policies Sunrise and Sunset Industries Conclusion Main Challenges Outlook References Can Africa Industrialize?Introduction Breaking in Competing with Asia New Opportunities TRADE IN TASKS INDUSTRIES WITHOUT SMOKESTACKS Changing the Investment Climate Agenda The Critical Role of Infrastructure Closing the Skills Gap Institutional and Regulatory Reform Beyond the Investment Climate Mounting an Export Push POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS IMPROVING TRADE LOGISTICS STRENGTHENING REGIONAL INTEGRATION Supporting Industrial Agglomerations SPATIAL INDUSTRIAL POLICIES STRENGTHENING SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES Attracting Foreign Direct Investment INSTITUTIONS FOR FDI PROMOTION LINKING FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FIRMS Conclusions References

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