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Morphosyntax

Turning to the evidence of grammatical processes related to the functional layer above the VP, that is, the IP, the analysis reveals that these processes are operative. In particular, verbs are inflected in accordance with the target-like constraints.

Agreement verbs. Simon produces several constructions with agreement verbs. Example (146) above illustrates the use of the verb look to establish the locus for the frog in the first proposition; further, as the locus of the repeated verb in the second proposition coincides with the first, the example is also illustrative of reference maintenance via agreement. The same holds also of example (148) above, as the final locus of look coincides with the locus established previously for the frog so that the referential identity of the subject of gone is clear. Other agreement verbs used in this narrative include the verbs pick-up, take-some- where or sting. We will discuss the utterances containing these verbs below when we turn our attention to linguistic devices used by Simon for referential establishment and maintenance.

Spatial verbs. Utterances with spatial verbs, such as the ones provided in (151) and (152) document the target-like choice of classifier elements: in (151) the verb go contains the classifier for a human being (V-handshape), and in (152) the classifier for a group of flying insects. Further examples will be discussed below, when we elaborate on Simon’s expression of spatial relations.

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Morphosyntax
The many Austronesian languages are typologically rather diverse in their morphosyntax and hardly lend themselves to a general characterization. Three important areas can be distinguished, each representing a different pattern of verbal morphosyntax. These areas and patterns are neither exclusive (i.e....
(Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics)
Nominal morphosyntax
Grammatical relations and cases Grammatical relations and types of alignment The main grammatical relations which are relevant for a description of Old Indo-Aryan nominal syntax include Subject (S), Direct Object (DO), Indirect Object (IO), and a variety of Oblique Objects (Obl). In its...
(Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics)
The morphosyntax of compounds
The main morphosyntactic types of compounds can be captured in terms of their properties in the form of a simple calculus based on the following two parameters: (i) Is the compound (schematically represented as N1-N2, where N1 and N2 stand for the first and second members of the compound) syntactically...
(Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics)
Verbal morphosyntax
The main syntactic classes of verbs Intransitive and transitive The canonical intransitive and transitive patterns do not require special discussion. Many transitive verbs can also be employed without direct objects, i.e. in absolute usages - particularly, in the cases of a non-referential...
(Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics)
Nominal morphosyntax and adpositional phrases
The use of cases For cases governed by nouns see 5.2, and by prepositions see 2.2. For cases used to express adverbials see 4. In OP the form of the genitive has taken over the functions of the dative completely (by syncretism). The nominative marks the grammatical (or surface) subject, and the...
(Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics)
Verbal morphosyntax and periphrastic formations
Tense, aspect, and mood While the OAv. system is largely the same as that of PIIr. (see Kummel, this handbook, 6.1), both OIr. languages show a decline of the aorist, the forms of which are partly incorporated into the present tense system (Kellens 1984: 376). So OP and Av. already point to a...
(Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics)
Nominal and pronominal morphosyntax
Cases The Ancient (archaic and classic) Greek case system consists of five cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, and dative. Only the first four remain in Modern Greek. The first three cases have the same uses as in other IE languages. The vocative is used to address someone or for...
(Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics)
Verbal morphosyntax
Verbal stems In Ancient Greek verbs have four or five stems (comprising both finite and nominal forms). Their values are fundamentally aspectual: - the present stem is durative - the aorist stem is completive - the perfect indicates a state resulting from a previous action. Greek also created...
(Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics)
Morphosyntax
The grammatical information encoded in verbal morphology of sign languages like DGS (Happ & Vorkoper 2006) or ASL (Lillo-Martin 1999: 536) includes agreement with the object, or the subject and the object, aspect, and location. For example in (29) (cf. Gluck & Pfau 1998: 8) the DGS verb give agrees with...
(Bilingualism and Deafness: On Language Contact in the Bilingual Acquisition of Sign Language and Written Language)
Morphosyntax
The grammatical information encoded in verbal morphology of sign languages, as we learned in section 3.1.3, comprises agreement with the object, or the subject and the object, aspect, and location. Studies on the acquisition of verb inflection have largely focused on the acquisition of person agreement...
(Bilingualism and Deafness: On Language Contact in the Bilingual Acquisition of Sign Language and Written Language)