Structure building in the acquisition of German

Table 4.7 summarises the main developmental milestones described and includes examples from L1 and L2 learners quoted previously for further illustration. Note that this rough characterisation of the major developmental steps leaves enough room for individual variation in the progression toward the target grammar which is deemed necessary in view of the evidence gathered, in particular, concerning finite verb placement (at the left or right periphery of the sentence) prior to the availability of the full sentence structure (i.e. the complementiser phrase or CP layer).

Table 4.7: Structure-building in the acquisition of German.*

CP

Questions

[L2]

was

what

hast

have

du

you

hier

here

gemacht?

made

[L1]

was

what

hol

fetch

ichn

I

jetzt?

now

Embedded clauses (IP final)

[L2]

ob

whether

ich

I

der

the

star

star

bin

am

[L1]

ob

whether

ich

that

das

I

kann

can

Table 4.7: continued

IP

V2

(preverbal nonsubjects)

[L2]

das esse ich dir weg that eat I you away

[L1]

jetzt hab ich ein spritze now have I a syringe

Verb raising (main verbs)

[L2]

du sagst deine manner (...) you tell your men ...

[L1]

Julia bringt buch Julia brings book

Verb raising (aux/mod)

[L2]

ich habe nur de kugelschreiber gebracht I have only the ballpoint-pen brought

[L1]

ich will ein TROMmel holn I want a drum fetch

VP

VP headedness

[L2]

(L1 Korean) hier jacke ausmachen here jacket off-make

[L1]

Julia EIS essen Julia ice-cream eat

* To illustrate the structure-building process, examples are provided “bottom-up”. With the exception of the L1 Korean example, all other examples are from a learner L2 German with L1 Italian.

 
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