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Variation in the left periphery

As of file 3 adverbial phrases such as dann (‘then’), plotzlich (‘suddenly’) or spater (‘later’) are, at times, correctly integrated into the sentence structure deriving target-like non-subject V2 (see examples (605)-(606)); however, non-subject XPs also continue to be adjoined to the SVX format in many other cases (cf. example (607) below). Notice, additionally, that the verb-subject pattern occurs at times in embedded clauses introduced by weil (‘because’), as in example (606), an order which is not possible in target German.

Candidates for language mixing

The coexistence of advanced structures with elementary “da+X” or “neg+da” constructions (cf. (607)) until the end of the recording time raises the question about the status of the latter. As copula drop in these elementary structures continues to occur at a time when other sequences document the availability of the copula we might speculate that the elementary formats are used as formulae or idiomatic expressions. These constructions might also represent candidates for language mixing, which could also be the case of example (608), produced in

file 4, in which verb drop derives a sequence that is reminiscent of the rhetorical question-answer pairs that are used in DGS for narrative purposes.

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Variation in the left periphery and complex clauses V2 constraint
. While adverbial phrases in sentence initial position (with the exception of da, ‘there’) are attached to the available SVX format in file 1 (cf. (499) above), their integration into the target V2 format occurs already in file 2 (see example (511)) (note, though, that the verb fails to correctly...
(Bilingualism and Deafness: On Language Contact in the Bilingual Acquisition of Sign Language and Written Language)
Variation in the left periphery
One more time, the implementation of a target property, i.e. V2, is preceded by a phase during which we observe the coexistence of target-like and target-deviant properties. The production of target non-subject V2 clauses by Muhammed, Maria and Hamida is preceded by an increasing production of target-deviant...
(Bilingualism and Deafness: On Language Contact in the Bilingual Acquisition of Sign Language and Written Language)
The Power of Peripheries in Sociological Histories
The Swahili context pertains to “less translated languages” (Branchadell 2004:4), and as such represents a context in the peripheries of the world literary space. While the centre-periphery dichotomy is a matter of perception, one coloured by Western-based scholarship (i.e. while Swahili is peripheral...
(African Perspectives on Literary Translation)
Variations on the theme
There are many variations on the main IRS theme. A few examples are: • Basis swap: A swap where two floating rates are swapped. • Amortizing swap: A swap with a notional value that reduces over the life of the swap in a predetermined way. • Accreting swap (also called step-up...
(Derivative Markets)
Candidates for cross-modal language mixing: Pooling of linguistic resources
L2 learners of a second language who are more advanced in their narrative development than young infants, have been found to concatenate elementary structures to express complex meanings despite remaining gaps at the structural and lexical levels. Several examples in the participants’ data indicate...
(Bilingualism and Deafness: On Language Contact in the Bilingual Acquisition of Sign Language and Written Language)
Hypotheses about cross-modal language mixing
Bilingual acquisition of sign language and written language in deaf learners not only raises issues regarding developmental trajectories in two languages that differ in their modality of expression and accessibility to deaf learners. It also raises the question about the relation of the two languages...
(Bilingualism and Deafness: On Language Contact in the Bilingual Acquisition of Sign Language and Written Language)
Language mixing
The observation that the type of structures borrowed basically reduces to DGS- like idiomatic expressions once the IP is established is indicative of the circumstance that borrowing at the structural level is not required at this stage. The only mixed grammatical property that continues to prevail...
(Bilingualism and Deafness: On Language Contact in the Bilingual Acquisition of Sign Language and Written Language)
M2 - Dislike for Language Mixing
Twenty-one (21) year-old M2 was raised in a monolingual Estonian-speaking household. This was, as M2 stated, not so much policy as it was something that was simply ‘self-evident’, despite his father having weak Estonian relative to his fluency in Swedish. In his own words, M2 stated: ‘When I was...
(Language Policy Beyond the State)