Integration Processes and Policies in Europe

The EU Concept of Integration: From a Two-Way to a ThreeWay Process Structure of the Book References The Concept of Integration as an Analytical Tool and as a Policy Concept Introduction The Study of Integration Processes A Definition of the Concept Three Dimensions Two Parties Three Levels and Indicators Time and Generations The Study of Integration Policies A Definition of the Concept Frames Policy Measures Governance Politics and Time Comparison as a Tool Integration Processes Integration Policies Conclusion References Migration and Immigrants in Europe: A Historical and Demographic Perspective Introduction Three Periods of Migration in Europe From the 1950s to 1974: Guest Worker Schemes and Decolonization From 1974 to the End of the 1980s: The Oil Crisis and Migration Control From the 1990s to 2012: Recent Trends in Migration towards and Within Europe Migration Towards and from Europe Mobility of EU Citizens Numbers and Destinations Demographic Characteristics of Intra-EU Movers Conclusions References National Immigration and Integration Policies in Europe Since 1973 Introduction Immigration Experiences and National Policy Responses Postcolonial, Labour, and Asylum Migrants in North-Western Europe From Emigration to Immigration in the Southern European Countries Central and Eastern Europe Towards a European Approach to Asylum Seekers, Refugees, and Labour Migrants Integration Regimes: Who Is to Integrate into What and by Which Means Integration Policies in North-Western Europe Integration Policies in Southern European Countries Integration Policies in Central and Eastern Europe Conclusion References Who Is an Immigrant and Who Requires Integration? Categorizing in European Policies Introduction The Study of Categories and Its Relevance for Policymaking Explicit Target Groups and Implicit Hierarchies in the Policy Chain Route 1: EU Citizens Route 2: Third-Country Nationals Route 2a: Legal Immigrants and Target of Integration Policy Route 2b: Legal Immigrants and Target of Return Policy Conclusion References The Multilevel Governance of Migration and Integration Introduction A Framework for the Study of Multilevelness Immigration Policies Europeanization Patterns of Multilevel Relations in Immigration Policies Integration Policies The Local Turn in Migrant Integration Policies European Involvement and Nascent Multilevel Governance Conclusion References Transnationalism as a Research Paradigm and Its Relevance for Integration Introduction New Ways of Thinking About Integration: The Transnationalism Paradigm Empirical Findings: Transnationalism and Integration in Europe Economic Transnational Activities Political Transnational Activities Sociocultural Transnational Activities Challenges for Future Policy-Oriented Research References Translocal Activities of Local Governments and Migrant Organizations Introduction Local Governments as Actors in Transnational Exchange Characterizing the Transnational Activities of Local Governments Motives and Frames of the Transnational / Translocal Activities of Local Governments Impacts of Local Governments' Transnational Activities Linking the Local Level “Here” and “There”: Migrant Organizations Characterizing the Transnational Activities of Migrant Organizations Motives and Frames of Translocal Activities of Migrant Organizations Transnational Activities by Migrant Organizations: What Difference Do They Make?Conclusion References Sending Country Policies Introduction Mapping the Outreach Policies of Countries of Origin Explaining Sending Country Policies: Transnational Interests, National Politics, and the International Diffusion of Ideas Transnational Relations as an Outcome of the Balance of Interests and Power between Sending Countries and Diasporas The Politics of the State and Nation Global Norms and the International Diffusion of Ideas Perceptions of Sending Country Policies in Countries of Residence Concluding Remarks References Migration and Development Framework and Its Links to Integration Introduction Theoretical Perspectives on the M&D Nexus Migration Studies and Development Studies Unpacking the M&D Nexus Virtuous and Vicious Circles: Theoretical Underpinnings Optimism, Pessimism, and the Neoliberal Agenda Towards a Broader Framing of Migration and Development How Does the M&D Frame Relate to the Integration Process, and Vice Versa?Conclusion References Introduction The Concept of Integration in Policies National Integration Policies Local Integration Policies EU Integration Policies Integration from the Perspective of Origin Countries Migrants' Transnational Activities Migrant Organizations, NGOs, and Local Governments Governments of Origin Countries The M&D Nexus From a Two-Way to a Three-Way Process Conception of Integration References