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Social thinking and interpersonal behavior

Social Thinking and Interpersonal Behavior Classical Theories and Contemporary Approaches SOME HiSTORiCAL REFLECTiONS: iNTERPERSONAL BEHAViOR THEN AND NOW Classical Approaches Linking Social Thinking and Interpersonal Behavior Culture and the Individual THE SOCiAL COGNiTiVE APPROACH FROM SOCiAL THiNKiNG TO iNTERPERSONAL BEHAViOR?CURRENT TRENDS iN iNTERPERSONAL SOCiAL COGNiTiON THE PRESENT VOLUME Section I: Evolutionary Influences on Social Thinking and Behavior Section II: Automatic Mechanisms Linking Social Cognition and Behavior Section III: Cognitive and Affective Mechanisms Section IV: Social and Cultural Factors in Social Thinking and Interpersonal Behavior CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES Evolutionary Influences on Social Cognition and Behavior Economic Subselves Fundamental Motives and Deep Rationality ECONS VERSUS HUMANS VERSUS MORONS Life History Theory: Economics Isn’t All About Money Subselves and Fundamental Motives Disease Avoidance Mate Acquisition Mate Retention DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT MOTIVATIONAL SUBSELVES ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE MOTIVATIONAL SYSTEMS INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE LINKS BETWEEN MATING AND CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION LOSS AVERSiON BY DOMAiNS CONCLUSION: RATIONALITY, IRRATIONALITY, AND DEEP RATIONALITY REVISITED REFERENCES Error Management and the Evolution of Cognitive Bias ERROR MANAGEMENT THEORY BIASES iN MATiNG Sexual Overperception by Men Commitment Underperception by Women Other Mating-Related Biases BIASES FOR AVOiDiNG DANGEROUS PEOPLE Prejudice Against Out-Groups Avoiding Sick People BIASES FOR NAVIGATING THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT The Social Exchange Heuristic The Negativity Bias in Attribution DiFFERENTiAL EVOCATiON OF BiAS Men’s Sexual Overperception Is Affected by Women’s Attractiveness Women’s Commitment Underperception Is Affected by Fertility Status Perceptions of Coerciveness and Commitment Vary Across the Ovulatory Cycle Prejudice Against Out-Groups Is Increased by Vulnerability The Social Exchange Heuristic Varies With Culture and Subtle Surveillance Cues RECENT CHALLENGES TO EMT CONCLUSION REFERENCES Self-Deception to Deceive Others DECEPTION AND SELF-DECEPTION SELF-DECEPTION IN SERVICE OF SOCIAL ADVANCEMENT VARIETIES OF SELF-DECEPTION Amount of Searching Selective Searching Selective Attention Biased Interpretation Misremembering Rationalization Convincing the Self That an Untruth Is True PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE FOR SELFDECEPTION TO DECEIVE OTHERS CONCLUSION REFERENCES A Systemic Approach to Impression Formation From Verbal to Multimodal Processes A MULTIMODAL ViEW OF SOCiAL COGNITION AND Its Implications FOR iNTERPERSONAL Proximity AND AFFILIATION Background Thermal, Olfactory, and Spatial Stimuli Thermal Stimuli and Their Impact Spatial Stimuli and Their Impact Olfactory Stimuli and Their Impact Theoretical Perspectives A Systemic Investigation of the Multimodal Grounding of Interpersonal Relationships CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES Automatic Mechanisms Linking Social Cognition and Behavior Exploring the Relation Between Motivation and Intuition GOAL PURSUIT CAN OPERATE UNCONSCiOUSLY GOALS AND ATTENTiON GOALS AND ACCESSiBiLiTY GOALS, NEEDS, AND iNTUiTiON GOAL STRENGTH AND INTUITION CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES Moving Through Time Mental Time Travel and Social Behavior MENTAL TiME TRAVEL A CASE STUDY PAST AND FUTURE THINKING NEURAL CORRELATES OF MTT THiNKiNG ABOUT TiME SPACE-TIME METAPHORS SPACE-TIME COGNITION MOVEMENT AND MTT MOUSE-TRACKING SWAYING iN Time SPACE TRAVEL AND TiME TRAVEL CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES How Do Emotions Move Us?: Embodied and Disembodied Influences of Affect and Emotions on Social Thinking and Interpersonal Behavior PROPOSiTiONAL MODELS OF EMOTiON PERCEPTiON AND REPRESENTATiON EMBODIED REPRESENTATION OF EMOTION KNOWLEDGE EVIDENCE FOR EMBODiED MODELS FROM NONEMOTiONAL DOMAiN SOMATiC iNVOLVEMENT iN EMOTiONAL WORD PROCESSiNG EMBODiMENT OF FACiAL EMOTiONS MIMICRY AS EMBODIED SOCIAL COGNITION EMBODIMENT AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVED SOCIAL BEHAVIOR CONCLUSION REFERENCES Facial Politics Political Judgment Based on Looks THE ROLE OF LOOKS iN PERSON PERCEPTiON The Role of Looks in Political Elections Summary ACCURACY IN PERSON PERCEPTION WITH MINIMAL INFORMATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR SUCCESSFUL INTERPERSONAL INTERACTION Learning to Identify Political Attitudes From Interpersonal Encounters Empirical Evidence for Detecting Political Ideology From Looks Relative Interpersonal Discrimination Absolute Interpersonal Discrimination Intergroup Discrimination What Drives the Perception of Political Attitudes?So What?REFERENCES Cognitive and Affective Mechanisms Field and Observer Perspectives in Autobiographical Memory COGNiTiVE AND SOCiAL ASPECTS OF MEMORY PERSPECTiVE Consequences of Memory Perspective Causes of Memory Perspective NEUROSCIENCE ASPECTS OF MEMORY PERSPECTIVE CLINICAL ASPECTS OF MEMORY PERSPECTiVE Observer Perspective, Emotion, and Trauma Observer Perspective, Interpretation, and Behavior: Social Phobia Observer Perspective and Positive Affect: Depression CLOSiNG COMMENTS references The Formation of Attitudes and Social Judgments in a Virtual School Class Environment BEYOND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR Interpersonal Phenomena Versus Interpersonal Theories Intrusion of New Theories PREVIEW OF RESEARCH REPORTED IN THE PRESENT CHAPTER The Virtual School Class Sampling Vicissitudes in the VSC JUDGMENT BIASES ORIGINATING OUTSIDE THE INDIVIDUAL: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE Judges and Targets Codetermine Information Sampling Search Strategies Are Contingent on Environmental Support Adaptive Sampling Is Sensitive to Both Epistemic and Hedonic Constraints How the Law of Effect Impacts Sampling Behavior Law of Effect in the School Class Refining the Analysis of Information Sampling Adhering to Extreme Anchors Versus Gradual Polarization Returning Sampling Hedonic Objects Versus Social Entities CONCLUDING REMARKS REFERENCES Social Categorization at the Crossroads Mechanisms by Which Intersecting Social Categories Bias Social Perception BACKGROUND BOTTOM-UP INTERSECTIONAL BIASES TOP-DOWN iNTERSECTiONAL BiASES Two Identity Intersections The Intersection of Race and Sex The Intersection of Sex and Emotion Implications for Other Aspects of Social Perception REMAiNiNG QUESTIONS REFERENCES The Upside of Feeling Down The Benefits of Negative Mood for Social Cognition and Social Behavior THEORETiCAL BACKGROUND The Conceptual Links Between Affect and Cognition Attempts at Integration: The Affect Infusion Model EXPERiMENTAL EViDENCE FOR THE COGNiTiVE AND SOCiAL BENEFiTS OF NEGATiVE AFFECT Affective Influences on Gullibility and Skepticism Negative Affect and Factual Skepticism negative Affect and Interpersonal Skepticism Mood Effects on the Detection of Deception Negative Affect Affective Influences on Reliance on Stereotypes Negative Affect Improves Eyewitness Memory Affective Influences on Persuasive Communication Affective Influences on Strategic Behaviors SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION references Construct Accessibility and Interpretation of Self-Behaviors Tracing and Reducing the Signatures of Self-Protection and Self-Enhancement POTENCY AND PREVALENCE OF SELF-ENHANCEMENT STRIVINGS AND SELF-PROTECTION STRIVINGS ARE SELF-ENHANCEMENT AND SELFPROTECTiON STRiViNGS BENEFiCiAL?ARE SELF-ENHANCEMENT AND SELFPROTECTiON STRiViNGS CONTROLLABLE?Interpersonal Limits Intrapersonal Limits Flexibility in Self-Thought: The Influence of Construct Accessibility Variation in Behavior-Based Inferences About the Self Self-Enhancement and Self-Protection Motivation as Moderators of Priming Effects CONSTRUCT ACCESSiBiLiTY AND iNTERPRETATiON OF SELF-BEHAViOR: THE iNiTiAL MEANNESS PRiMiNG STUDiES THE PURSUIT OF MODERATION EFFECTS IN THE SELFPRIMING PARADIGM: INTRODUCING SELF-THREAT Deliberative Versus Direct Construal of SelfBehavior: Different Routes to Self-Judgment?Construct Accessibility and Construal of SelfBehavior: An Induced Compliance Experiment The Subliminal Priming Task The empirical Verdict Can These Results Be Attributed to the Real Nature of the Behavior?REFERENCES Section IV Social and Cultural Factors in Social Thinking and Interpersonal Behavior Culture as Interpersonal Process SOCiAL PSYCHOLOGY OF CULTURAL DYNAMiCS GROUNDING MODEL OF CULTURAL TRANSMISSION STEREOTYPES AS CULTURAL INFORMATION FLUENCY-PERTURBATION DYNAMICS IN CULTURAL TRANSMISSION Evidence of Fluency-Perturbation Dynamics Verbal Perturbation in Cultural Transmission Potential Explanations CONCLUSION REFERENCES System Justification as an Obstacle to the Attainment of Social Justice HiSTORiCAL CONTEXT FOR THE STUDY OF SOCiAL JUSTiCE THE JUSTICE MOTIVE IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR DESERViNGNESS AND ENTiTLEMENT THE PROBLEM OF SYSTEM JUSTIFICATION Motivation to Justify the Societal Status Quo System-Justifying Aspects of Conservative Ideology Certain Epistemic, Existential, and Relational Underpinnings of System Justification WHAT CAN SOCiAL PSYCHOLOGY CONTRIBUTE TO SOCiAL JUSTiCE?REFERENCES Thinking as a Social Group or Thinking as a Social Group Member. Different Implications for Attitude Change THE GROUP AND COGNiTiVE DiSSONANCE Early Work on Dissonance and Groups Metaconsistency and Group Support Intragroup Dissonance Vicarious Dissonance SOCIAL THiNKiNG: SUBMERGED VERSUS iNDiViDUATED GROUP iDENTiTY Empirical Evidence Attitude Change Following Vicarious Dissonance Group Boundary Change Following Vicarious Dissonance CONCLUSiON REFERENCES Moral, Cognitive, and Social The Nature of Blame A MODEL OF BLAME Detection Agent Causality Intentionality Reasons and Justification Unintentional Events Blame-Late Models Blame-Early Models Resolving the Debate BLAMING AS A SOCiAL ACT Moving Beyond Purely Cognitive Models Steps Toward Social Blame BLAMING GROUPS Social Blaming of Groups CONCLUSIONS references

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