Appendix. List of Hunted Bat Species Showing Primary Use (Food or Medicine), Summarized by Region and Country. We Followed IUCN Regional Classification
|
IUCN region |
Country in which hunted |
Species |
Status |
Food |
Medicine |
Source |
|
East Asia |
China |
Cynopterus sphinx |
LC |
x |
Bates et al. (2008d), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
|
|
China |
Eonycteris spelaea |
LC |
x |
Francis et al. (2008c), Stebbings (1987) |
||
|
China |
Hipposideros pomona |
LC |
x |
x |
Bates et al. (2008a) |
|
|
China |
Pteropus giganteus |
LC |
x |
x |
Molur et al. (2008a), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
|
|
China |
Rousettus leschenaultii |
LC |
x |
x |
Molur et al. (2002), Bates and Helgen (2008), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
|
|
Japan |
Pteropus pselaphon |
CR |
x |
Ishii and Maeda (2008) |
||
|
Taiwan |
Pteropus dasymallus |
NT |
x |
Heaney et al. (2008d) |
|
IUCN region |
Country in which hunted |
Species |
Status |
Food |
Medicine |
Source |
|
North Africa |
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya |
Myotis punicus |
NT |
x |
Aulagnier et al. (2008) |
|
|
Algeria, North Africa |
Myotis emarginatus |
LC |
x |
Hutson et al. (2008h) |
||
|
North Africa |
Myotis capaccinii |
VU |
x |
Hutson et al. (2008g) |
||
|
North Africa |
Myotis nattereri |
LC |
x |
Hutson et al. (2008a) |
||
|
Oceania |
American Samoa, Cook Islands and Niue, Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu |
Pteropus tonganus |
VU |
x |
Hamilton and Helgen (2008), |
|
|
American Samoa, Fiji, Samoa |
Pteropus samoensis |
NT |
x |
Brooke and Wiles (2008) |
||
|
Fiji Mirimiri acrodonta/ Pteralopex acrodonta |
CR |
Flannery (1995b) |
||||
|
Fiji, Vanuatu Chaerephon bregullae/ Tadarida bregullae |
EN |
x |
Flannery (1995b), Palmeirim (2014) |
|||
|
Fiji, Vanuatu |
Notopteris macdonaldi |
VU |
x |
Flannery (1995b), Palmeirim et al. (2007), Palmeirim (2008) |
||
|
Pteropus ualanus |
VU |
x |
Wiles et al. (2008) |
|||
|
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea |
Dobsonia moluccensis |
LC |
x |
Hutson et al. (2008j) |
||
|
Micronesia, Federated States of |
Pteropus yapensis |
VU |
x |
Wiles et al. (2008b) |
||
|
Micronesia, Federated States of; Caroline Islands |
Pteropus insularis/ Pteropus phaeocephalus |
CR |
x |
Helgen and Wiles (2010) |
||
|
Micronesia |
Pteropus molossinus |
VU |
x |
Buden et al. (2008) |
||
|
Micronesia, Guam and Commonweatlh of Northern Mariana Islands |
Pteropus mariannus |
EN |
x |
Falanruw and Manmaw (1992), Allison et al. (2008), Lemke (1992) |
||
|
New Caledonia |
Notopteris neocaledonica |
VU |
x |
Brescia (2008a), Boissenin and Brescia (2007) |
||
|
New Caledonia |
Pteropus ornatus |
VU |
x |
Brescia (2008b) |
||
|
New Caledonia |
Pteropus vetulus |
VU |
x |
x? |
Brescia (2008c), Flannery (1995b) |
|
|
Palau |
Pteropus pelewensis |
NT |
x |
Wiles (2008), Wiles et al. (1997) |
||
|
IUCN region |
Country in which hunted |
Species |
Status |
Food |
Medicine |
Source |
|
Papau New Guinea |
Pteropus hypomelanus |
LC |
x |
Francis et al. (2008a), Fujita and Tuttle (1991), Fujita (1988) |
||
|
Papua New Guinea |
Aproteles bulmerae |
CR |
x |
Flannery (1995b), Hutson et al. (2008m) |
||
|
Papua New Guinea |
Miniopterus magnater |
LC |
x |
Bonaccorso and Reardon (2008b), Cuthbert (2003a, b) |
||
|
Papua New Guinea |
Nyctimene aello |
LC |
x |
Bonaccorso and Helgen (2008), Cuthbert (2003a, b) |
||
|
Papua New Guinea |
Nyctimene cyclotis |
DD |
x |
Cuthbert (2003a) |
||
|
Papua New Guinea |
Pteralopex flanneryi |
CR |
x |
Helgen et al. (2008a) |
||
|
Papua New Guinea |
Pteropus neohibernicus |
LC |
x |
Salas et al. (2008) |
||
|
Papua New Guinea |
Rousettus amplexicaudatus |
LC |
x |
Csorba et al. (2008g), Utzurrum (1992) |
||
|
Papua New Guinea |
Syconycteris australis |
LC |
x |
Cuthbert (2003a) |
||
|
Papua New Guinea, possibly Cambodia and Vietnam |
Miniopterus pusillus |
LC |
x |
Cuthbert (2003a, b) |
||
|
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands |
Pteralopex anceps |
EN |
x |
Helgen et al. (2008c) |
||
|
Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu |
Miniopterus macrocneme |
DD |
x |
Bonaccorso and Reardon (2008a) |
||
|
Solomon Islands |
Pteralopex atrata |
EN |
x |
Helgen and Hamilton (2008b) |
||
|
Solomon Islands |
Pteralopex taki |
EN |
x |
Hamilton et al. (2008a) |
||
|
Solomon Islands |
Pteropus cognatus |
EN |
x |
James et al. (2008) |
||
|
Solomon Islands |
Pteropus nitendiensis |
EN |
x |
Leary et al. (2008a) |
||
|
Solomon Islands |
Pteropus rennelli |
VU |
x |
Hamilton et al. (2008b) |
||
|
Solomon Islands |
Pteropus tuberculatus |
CR |
x |
Leary et al. (2008b) |
||
|
Solomon Islands, Papau New Guinea |
Pteropus rayneri |
NT |
x |
Hamilton and Leary (2008), Bowen et al. (1997) |
||
|
Vanuatu |
Emballonura semicaudata |
EN |
x |
Bonaccorso et al. (2008), Chambers and Esrom (1991) |
||
|
Vanuatu |
Miniopterus tristis |
LC |
x |
Chambers and Esrom (1991) |
|
IUCN region |
Country in which hunted |
Species |
Status |
Food |
Medicine |
Source |
|
Vanuatu |
Pteropus anetianus |
VU |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (1992), Helgen and Hamilton (2008a), Chambers and Esrom (1991) |
||
|
Vanuatu |
Pteropus fundatus |
EN |
x |
Helgen and Hamilton (2008c), Chambers and Esrom (1991) |
||
|
Vanuatu, others? |
Aselliscus tricuspidatus |
LC |
x |
Bonaccorso et al. (2008), Chambers and Esrom (1991) |
||
|
Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea |
Miniopterus australis |
LC |
x |
Chambers and Esrom (1991) |
||
|
South America |
Bolivia |
Artibeus sp. |
LC |
Lizarro et al. (2010) |
||
|
Bolivia |
Carollia perspicillata |
LC |
x |
Lizarro et al. (2010) |
||
|
Bolivia |
Desmodus rotundus |
LC |
Lizarro et al. (2010) |
|||
|
Bolivia |
Myotis sp. |
? |
Lizarro et al. (2010) |
|||
|
Brazil |
Glossophaga sp. |
LC or DD |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
Brazil |
sp. 1 |
x |
Lévi-Strauss (1979), Setz and Sazima (1987), Setz (1991) |
|||
|
Brazil |
sp. 2 |
x |
Lévi-Strauss (1979), Setz and Sazima (1987), Setz (1991) |
|||
|
Brazil |
sp. 3 |
x |
Lévi-Strauss (1979), Setz and Sazima (1987), Setz (1991) |
|||
|
South Asia |
Bangladesh |
Pteropus giganteus |
LC |
x |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2009), Molur et al. (2008a) |
|
India |
Hipposideros speoris |
LC |
x |
Molur et al. (2008b) |
||
|
India |
Latidens salimalii |
EN |
x |
Molur and Vanitharani (2008) |
||
|
India |
Megaderma lyra |
LC |
x |
x |
Csorba et al. (2008a) |
|
|
India |
Megaderma spasma |
LC |
x |
x |
Csorba (2008e) |
|
|
India |
Nyctalus montanus |
LC |
x |
Molur and Srinivasulu (2008) |
||
|
India |
Pteropus faunulus |
VU |
x |
Kingston et al. (2008); Singaravelan et al. (2009) |
||
|
India |
Pteropus melanotus |
VU |
x |
Hutson et al. (2008d), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
India |
Taphozous melanopogon |
LC |
x |
Csorba et al. (2008f), Molur et al. (2002) |
||
|
India |
Taphozous theobaldi |
LC |
x |
x |
Bates et al. (2008e), Molur et al. (2002) |
|
|
India, Sri Lanka |
Hipposideros lankadiva |
LC |
x |
x |
Molur et al. (2008c) |
|
IUCN region |
Country in which hunted |
Species |
Status |
Food |
Medicine |
Source |
|
South Asia wide |
Rousettus leschenaultii |
LC |
x |
Molur et al. (2002), Bates and Helgen (2008), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
South Asia wide |
Cynopterus sphinx |
LC |
x |
Bates et al. (2008d), Molur et al. (2002) |
||
|
South East Asia |
Brunei (Borneo), Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam |
Chaerephon plicatus/ Tadarida plicata |
LC |
x |
Csorba et al. (2014) |
|
|
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand |
Pteropus vampyrus |
NT |
x |
Bates et al. (2008f), Clayton and MilnerGulland (2000) |
||
|
Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam |
Cynopterus brachyotis |
LC |
x |
Lacerna and Widmann (1999) |
||
|
Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Thailand, Vietnam |
Cynopterus sphinx |
LC |
x |
x |
Bates et al. (2008d), Johnson et al. (2003) |
|
|
Cambodia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam |
Eonycteris spelaea |
LC |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
Cambodia, Thailand |
Pteropus lylei |
VU |
x |
Bumrungsri et al. (2008b); Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Acerodon celebensis |
LC |
x |
Hutson et al. (2008c), Clayton and MilnerGulland (2000) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Acerodon humilis |
EN |
x |
Hutson et al. (2008b), Clayton and MilnerGulland (2000) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Acerodon mackloti |
VU |
x |
Hutson et al. (2008i) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Cheiromeles parvidens |
LC |
x |
Csorba et al. (2008b) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Harpyionycteris celebensis |
VU |
x |
Hutson et al. (2008l) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Neopteryx frosti |
EN |
x |
Hutson et al. (2008k) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Pteropus alecto |
LC |
x |
Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), Hutson et al. (2008n) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Pteropus caniceps |
NT |
x |
Hutson and Helgen (2008a) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Pteropus chrysoproctus |
NT |
x |
Hutson and Helgen (2008b) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Pteropus griseus |
DD |
x |
Heinrichs and Zahnke (1997) |
|
IUCN region |
Country in which hunted |
Species |
Status |
Food |
Medicine |
Source |
|
Indonesia |
Pteropus lombocensis |
DD |
x |
Clayton and MilnerGulland (2000), Helgen and Salas (2008a) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Pteropus melanopogon |
EN |
x |
Helgen and Salas (2008b) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Pteropus ocularis |
VU |
x |
Helgen and Salas (2008c) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Pteropus pohlei |
EN |
x |
Helgen and Bonaccorso (2008a) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Pteropus temminckii |
VU |
x |
Helgen and Bonaccorso (2008b) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Rousettus bidens |
VU |
x |
Helgen et al. (2008d) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Rousettus celebensis |
LC |
x |
Ruedas et al. (2008b) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Styloctenium wallacei |
NT |
x |
Ruedas et al. (2010), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
Indonesia |
Thoopterus nigrescens |
LC |
x |
Ruedas et al. (2008a), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
Indonesia, Thailand |
Rousettus leschenaultii |
LC |
x |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
|
|
Lao PDR |
Hipposideros scutinares |
VU |
x |
Francis and Bates (2008) |
||
|
Lao PDR |
Tadarida latouchei |
DD |
x |
Francis and Maeda (2008) |
||
|
Lao PDR, Philippines, Thailand |
Taphozous melanopogon |
LC |
x |
Csorba (2008f), Magnus (2001) |
||
|
Lao PDR, Thailand, Vietnam |
Hipposideros armiger |
LC |
x |
Bates et al. (2008b) |
||
|
Malaysia |
Cheiromeles torquatus |
LC |
x |
Csorba et al. (2008c) |
||
|
Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand |
Pteropus hypomelanus |
LC |
x |
Francis et al. (2008a), Fujita and Tuttle (1991), Fujita (1988) |
||
|
Myanmar |
Hipposideros pomona |
LC |
x |
x |
Bates et al. (2008a) |
|
|
Myanmar |
Rhinolophus marshalli |
LC |
x |
Bates (2003) |
||
|
Myanmar, Thailand |
Craseonycteris thonglongyai |
VU |
x |
Bates (2003) |
||
|
Philippines |
Acerodon jubatus |
EN |
x |
Mildenstein et al. (2008), Heaney and Heideman (1987) |
||
|
Philippines |
Acerodon leucotis |
VU |
x |
Ong et al. (2008b) |
||
|
Philippines |
Dobsonia chapmani |
CR |
x |
Heaney et al. (2008b), Heaney and Heideman (1987) |
||
|
Philippines |
Eonycteris robusta |
NT |
x |
Ong et al. (2008e) |
||
|
Philippines |
Harpyionycteris whiteheadi |
LC |
x |
Ong et al. (2008d), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
|
IUCN region |
Country in which hunted |
Species |
Status |
Food |
Medicine |
Source |
|
Philippines |
Hipposideros coronatus |
DD |
x |
Gomez et al. (2008) |
||
|
Philippines |
Hipposideros pygmaeus |
LC |
x |
Heaney et al. (2008a) |
||
|
Philippines |
Macroglossus minimus |
LC |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. 2009, Francis et al. (2008b) |
||
|
Philippines |
Nyctimene rabori |
EN |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
Philippines |
Ptenochirus jagori |
LC |
x |
Heaney and Heideman (1987) |
||
|
Philippines |
Pteropus dasymallus |
NT |
x |
Heaney et al. (2008d) |
||
|
Philippines |
Pteropus leucopterus/ Desmalopex leucopterus |
LC |
x |
Ong et al. (2008a) |
||
|
Philippines |
Pteropus pumilus |
NT |
x |
Heaney et al. (2008c), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
Philippines |
Pteropus speciosus |
DD |
x |
Rosell-Ambal et al. (2008) |
||
|
Philippines |
Rhinolophus rufus |
NT |
x |
Ong et al. (2008c) |
||
|
Philippines |
Styloctenium mindorensis |
DD |
x |
Esselstyn (2008) |
||
|
Philippines, Thailand |
Hipposideros lekaguli |
NT |
x |
Csorba (2008d) |
||
|
Philippines, Thailand |
Rousettus amplexicaudatus |
LC |
x |
Csorba (2008g), Utzurrum (1992) |
||
|
SE Asia |
Megaderma spasma |
LC |
x |
x |
Csorba (2008e) |
|
|
Thailand |
Hipposideros halophyllus |
EN |
x |
Bates et al. (2008b) |
||
|
Vietnam, Cambodia |
Megaderma lyra |
LC |
x |
x |
Csorba et al. (2008a) |
|
|
Sub Saharan Africa |
Unspecified |
Epomophorus labiatus |
LC |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008b) |
|
|
Unspecified |
Hipposideros gigas |
LC |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008p) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Hipposideros jonesi |
NT |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008g) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Hipposideros marisae |
VU |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008h) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Hipposideros ruber |
LC |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008i) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Hipposideros vittatus |
NT |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008f) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Mops midas/Tadarida midas |
LC |
x |
Jenkins et al. (2014) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Myotis morrisi |
DD |
x |
Jacobs et al. (2008a) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Rhinolophus alcyone |
LC |
x |
Jacobs et al. (2008b) |
|
IUCN region |
Country in which hunted |
Species |
Status |
Food |
Medicine |
Source |
|
Unspecified |
Rhinolophus guineensis |
VU |
x |
Fahr (2008a) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Rhinolophus hillorum |
NT |
x |
Jacobs et al. (2010) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Rhinolophus silvestris |
DD |
x |
Cotterill (2008) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Rhinolophus ziama |
EN |
x |
Fahr (2008d) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Rousettus lanosus |
LC |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008n) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Taphozous mauritianus |
LC |
Hutson et al. (2008e) |
|||
|
Benin |
Epomophorus gambianus |
LC |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008r) |
||
|
Benin, Cameroon, Congo Rep., Cote d'Ivoire, DRC, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia |
Eidolon helvum |
NT |
x |
x |
Halstead (1977), Kamins et al. (2011), Mickleburgh et al. (2008l) |
|
|
Benin, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria |
Epomops franqueti |
LC |
x |
Colyn et al. (1987), Fa et al. (1995), Juste et al. (1995), Bennett Hennessey (1995) |
||
|
Comoros Islands |
Pteropus livingstonii |
EN |
x |
Trewhella et al. (1995) |
||
|
Congo Republic |
Lissonycteris angolensis |
LC |
x |
Wilson and Wilson (1991), Mickleburgh et al. (2008c) |
||
|
Congo Republic |
Nycteris grandis |
LC |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008k), Bennett Hennessey (1995) |
||
|
Côte d'Ivoire |
Chaerephon ansorgei/ Tadarida ansorgei |
LC |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008e) |
||
|
Equatorial Guinea |
Micropteropus pusillus |
LC |
x |
Juste et al. (1995), Fa (2000) |
||
|
Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria |
Rousettus aegyptiacus |
LC |
x |
Fa et al. (1995), Fa (2000), Benda et al. (2008) |
||
|
Guinea |
Hipposideros lamottei |
CR |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008q) |
||
|
Guinea |
Rhinolophus maclaudi |
EN |
x |
Fahr (2008b), Fahr et al. (2002), Fahr and Ebigbo (2003) |
||
|
Guinea |
Rhinolophus ruwenzorii |
VU |
x |
Fahr et al. (2002), Fahr and Ebigbo (2003), Fahr (2008c) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Chaerephon jobimena/ Tadarida jobimena |
LC |
x |
Andriafidison et al. (2014a) |
|
IUCN region |
Country in which hunted |
Species |
Status |
Food |
Medicine |
Source |
|
Madagascar |
Eidolon dupreanum |
VU |
x |
Andriafidison et al. (2008a), Jenkins and Racey (2008) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Emballonura atrata |
LC |
x |
Jenkins et al. (2008b) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Hipposideros commersoni |
NT |
x |
Goodman (2006), Jenkins and Racey (2008) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Miniopterus gleni |
LC |
x |
Andriafidison et al. (2008b), Goodman (2006), Goodman et al. (2008) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Miniopterus majori |
LC |
x |
Jenkins and Rakotoarivelo (2008) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Miniopterus manavi |
LC |
x |
Andriafidison et al. (2008c), Golden (2005) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Mops leucostigma |
LC |
x |
Andriafidison et al. (2014b) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Mormopterus jugularis |
LC |
x |
Andriafidison et al. (2008d) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Myzopoda aurita |
LC |
x |
Jenkins et al. (2008a) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Pteropus rufus |
VU |
x |
Andriafidison et al. (2008e), Jenkins and Racey (2008) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Rousettus madagascariensis |
NT |
x |
Andriafidison et al. (2008f), Jenkins and Racey (2008) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Scotophilus robustus |
LC |
x |
Andriafidison et al. (2008g) |
||
|
Madagascar |
Triaenops furculus |
LC |
x |
J. Razafimanahaka pers. comm |
||
|
Madagascar |
Triaenops rufus |
LC |
x |
Goodman (2006), Andriafidison et al. (2008h) |
||
|
Mauritius |
Pteropus niger |
VU |
x |
Hutson and Racey (2013), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
Mauritius |
Pteropus rodricensis |
CR |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008d), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
Rwanda |
Rhinolophus hilli |
CR |
x |
Fahr (2010) |
||
|
São Tomé and Príncipe |
Chaerephon tomensis |
EN |
x |
Carvalho et al. (2014) |
||
|
São Tomé and Príncipe |
Miniopterus newtoni |
DD |
x |
Carvalho et al. (2014) |
||
|
São Tomé and Príncipe |
Myonycteris brachycephala |
EN |
x |
Carvalho et al. (2014) |
||
|
Seychelles |
Pteropus seychellensis |
LC |
x |
Carvalho et al. (2014) |
||
|
Tanzania (Pemba) |
Pteropus voeltzkowi |
VU |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008m) |
||
|
The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria |
Hypsignathus monstrosus |
LC |
x |
Mickleburgh et al. (2008j), Mickleburgh et al. (2009) |
||
|
Unspecified |
Myotis mystacinus |
LC |
x |
Hutson et al. (2008f) |
