Enabling Asia to Stabilise the Climate

A Stable Climate Is a Common Asset for Humankind The Responsibilities and Role of Asia Are Vital An Opportunity to Leapfrog by Integrating Knowledge and Wisdom In-Country Good Practices of Science-Based Climate Policy Development Making Progress in Asia International Cooperation for Knowledge-Sharing Towards Realising a Low-Carbon Asia Utilise Asia's Full Force and Make the Leap to Stablise the Climate I Asia Is a Key for a Sustainable Low-Carbon Society GHG Reduction Potential in Asia Key Messages to Policy Makers Introduction Ten Actions to Achieve the Low-Carbon Society in Asia Hierarchically Connected Compact Cities Mainstreaming Rail and Water in Interregional Transport Smart Ways to Use Materials That Realize the Full Potential of Resources Energy-Saving Spaces Utilizing Sunlight and Wind Local Production and Local Consumption of Biomass Low-Carbon Energy System Using Local Resources Low-Emission Agricultural Technologies Sustainable Forestry Management Technology and Finance for a Low-Carbon Society Transparent and Fair Governance That Supports Low-Carbon Asia GHG Reduction by Introducing “Ten Actions”Feasibility of Reducing GHG Emissions by 68 %Conclusion References Transition to a Low-Carbon Future in China Towards 2 oC Global Target Key Message to Policymakers Background Emission Scenarios Methodology Framework Global Emission Scenarios and Regional Allocation China's Emission Scenarios Key Factors in the Low-Emission Pathway Policy Options Factors Causing Uncertainty in the Modelling Analysis Conclusions References India's GHG Emission Reduction and Sustainable Development Key Message to Policymakers Introduction Model and Scenarios Assessment Methodology and Model System Scenarios Description Scenarios Analysis and Comparative Assessment Energy Demand CO2 Emissions and Mitigation Options Co-benefits of Mitigation Energy Security Environment Net Social Cost of Carbon Conclusions References Eighty Percent Reduction Scenario in Japan Key Message to Policy Makers Introduction From the Kyoto Protocol to Middle-Term Target oC Target and Mitigation in Japan in 2050 How to Achieve 80 % Reduction Target in Japan Conclusion References Potential of Low-Carbon Development in Vietnam, from Practices to Legal Framework Key Message to Policy Makers Introduction GHG Emissions in Vietnam The Total Amount and Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Vietnam Structure and Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Vietnam Trends in Emissions from Different Sectors Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Different Sectors Identification of External Impacts of GHG Emission Reduction Policies Externalities of Greenhouse Gas Emission Policies The Impact of Macroeconomics The Problems of Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction The Impact on Employment The Impact on Energy Security The Impact on the Environment Reducing Costs and Losses from Climate Change Impacts The Social Impact Selection of Priority Areas and Measures to Reduce Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Selection of Priority Areas Identifying Technical Solutions—Technology Priorities in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Lessons for Vietnam References II Bridging the Gap Between Modeling and Real Policy Development Designing a National Policy Framework for NAMAs Key Message to Policymakers Introduction NAMA and CO2 Mitigation Strategy Implementation of a Climate Change Mechanism in Thailand Success of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects in Thailand Overview of Energy, Environment and Socio-Economic Factors Thailand's Energy Sector Primary Energy Supply and Final Energy Consumption Thailand's GHG Emissions Other Air Pollutant Emissions Relationship Between Thailand's Energy Policy and Climate Change Revised Alternative Energy Development Plan: AEDP 2012–2021 Thailand's 20-Year Energy Efficiency Development Plan Thailand Power Development Plan (PDP) 2010–2030 Environmental Sustainable Transport System AIM/Enduse Modelling of Thailand's Energy System Designing a National Policy Framework for Thailand's NAMAs Criteria/Selection of CO2 Countermeasures Domestically vs. Internationally Supported NAMAs Economic Assessment of Domestic and Internationally Supported NAMAs Framework for Thailand's NAMAs NAMA Pledge to UNFCCC Seeking Financial Support Building Consensus Among NAMA Stakeholders in Thailand Co-Benefits of Thailand's NAMAs Energy Security Aspect Environmental Aspect Economic Aspect Social Aspect Layout of Roadmap to Thailand NAMA 2020 MRV of Thailand's NAMAs: The Road to Success References 'Science to Action' of the Sustainable Low Carbon City-region Key Messages to Policymakers Introduction About Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025 Low Carbon Society (LCS)Iskandar Malaysia (IM) in Brief Integrating Low Carbon Society Blueprint into Existing Policy Framework Policy Design for Low Carbon Society Blueprint in Iskandar Malaysia Science-to-Policy Approach to Designing the LCSBP-IM2005 Creating LCS Scenarios – The Extended Snapshot (ExSS) Tool Structure of Extended Snapshot (ExSS) Tool GHG Emissions in Iskandar Malaysia Structure of GHG Emission Mitigation Options GHG Emission Mitigation Options Beyond Science and Policymaking: Implementing the LCSBP-IM2025 Lessons Learnt References III Best Practices and Recommendations in Each Sector to Make It Happen Low-Carbon Transport in India Key Message to Policy Makers Introduction Current Transport Scenario in India Transport Scenarios for India Need for Assessment Transport Policies in India Transport Policy at the National and Subnational Levels Selection and Assessment Criteria Case 1: Delhi Metro Case 2: Auto Fuel Policy (AFP)Bus Rapid Transit System Low-Carbon Comprehensive Mobility Plan Toolkit Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)National Electric Mobility Mission Plan Conclusion References Potential of Reducing GHG Emission from REDD+ Activities in Indonesia Key Message to Policy Makers Introduction Indonesian Forest Deforestation and Trend of CO2 Emission Low-Carbon Policies on Forest and Land Use Sector Forest Management Units (FMUs)Forest Certification System Reduction of Dependency on Natural Forests for Wood Supply and Sink Enhancement Reduction of Pressure on Natural Forest by Optimizing Land Use and Improving Land Productivity Financing and Incentive Policies for Supporting the Implementation of SFM and REDD+Financial Policy for Development of FMUs Incentive System for Certification Incentive and Financial Policy for Accelerating Incentive and Financial Policies for Conserving Forest Carbon and Land Swap References Fostering Capacity Development for Asia's Leapfrog Key Message to Policy Makers Capacity Development Is Important in Asia—A Tool for Leapfrog The Power of Asia The Rise of ASEAN Regional Development Decoupling of GHG and GDP How Can Asia Leapfrog to a Low-Carbon Society?Structure and Mechanisms of Capacity Development Knowledge-Sharing Platform From Research to Policy and Implementation Level of Low-Carbon Society Implementation Mechanism of Knowledge Dissemination Conclusion and Key Messages Capacity Development Is the Basis for Asia's Leapfrog A Bullet Train Model Asian Countries Need Collaboration References Capacity Development on GHG Inventories in Asia Key Message to Policymakers Introduction to WGIA GHG Inventory in International Negotiations Responsibility of Developing Countries The Role of Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)One Part of the National System The Objective of WGIA History of WGIA Contents of WGIA Latest Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA12), 2014 Achievements of WGIA Enhanced Relationships Sharing Information Such as Sector-Specific Issues and General Issues of GHG Inventory Related Activities and International Cooperation Networks Achievements Other activities of WGIA Website and Mailing List WGIA-EFDB (Emission Factors Database)Conclusions Importance of Ongoing, Face-to-Face Discussions Sharing of Information and Experience Network Utilisation Continuity of WGIA References Japan's Comprehensive and Continual Support Package for the Creation Key Message to Policy Makers Japan's Strategies to Support Scientific Climate Policymaking in Asia Scope of Scientific Climate Policy Japan's Support for Climate Policies in Asia The Low Carbon Asia Research Network (LoCARNet)Science-Based Policy Formulation: LoCARNet Research and Policy Integration Activities Future Plan References