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Japan’s Evolving Security Policy: Militarisation within a Pacifist Tradition

Japan’s evolving security policy Debates regarding Japan’s foreign and security policy Central argument of the book The argument Significance of the book Analytical framework Case selection The arms trade ban policy Participation in UNPKOs The SDF’s expanded military role within the Japan–US framework Measuring ideational factors Methodology Contents of the book Notes Unpacking the puzzle Norms, ideas, and state policy: A theoretical framework Introduction Analytical framework: Constructivism Interpretations and approaches to norms: The role of variables Political parties as intervening variables The domestic and international norm nexus Policy shift or path dependence?Notes Key concepts: Opposing ideas and domestic and international norms in Japan Introduction Japan’s norms and ideas in the security field Japan’s domestic norm of non-use of force Approaches to Japan’s security: The ‘normal state’ idea group Political parties constituting the ‘normal state’ idea group Approaches to Japan’s security: The anti-militarist idea group Parties constituting the anti-militarist group The international norm of contributing to global peace Summary Notes Japan’s arms trade ban policy The arms trade ban policy during the Cold War: A Shared norm, different ideas Introduction The ‘normal state’ idea and the Three Principles Announcement of the Three Principles by the Sato government Second announcement of the Three Principles by the Miki government Holding up the Three Principles Influence of anti-militarist ideas Conclusion Notes Relaxing the arms trade ban policy in the post-Cold War period: The influence of the international trends Introduction Relaxing the arms trade ban policy Towards relaxation: The declining defence technological base International trends The Japanese case Decline in the anti-militarist idea and a new path A changing international idea and its influence Conclusion Notes Japan’s peacekeeping policy The dispatch of the Self-Defence Forces in the Cold War period: Divisive ideas in domestic politics Introduction Japan’s attitudes towards the UN in the early post-war period Making a contribution through civilians The anti-militarist idea and opposition to the dispatch of the SDF Conclusion Notes The Gulf War and Japan’s participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations: The internalisation of an international norm Introduction The Gulf War: A prevailing international norm Diffusion of the international norm Localising the international norm The influence of the anti-militarist idea Conclusion Notes Japan’s expanding peacekeeping roles in the post-Cold War period: Interaction between domestic and international norms Introduction Evolving international ideas on UN peacekeeping operations Japan’s attempts to catch up with the international standard Emphasis on peacebuilding missions Cases: East Timor, Afghanistan, Haiti, and South Sudan Struggle between domestic and international norms: The 2015 Security Legislation Conclusion Notes Japan’s evolving military roles Japan’s expanding security roles in the 1990s and 2000s: The emergence of collective security Introduction Japan’s enlarged military role Strengthening the SDF’s roles in the Japan–US alliance: A step towards collective security Japan’s support in the war on terrorism Japan’s support for the Iraq War The diminishing anti-militarist idea Minor differences within the ‘normal state’ idea group UN-centred collective security The LDP’s US-centred collective security Conclusion Notes Legislation for Peace and Security: Regulative effects of a domestic norm Introduction In search of permanent laws Initial attempt by the government The second attempt Content of the Security Legislation Changing international circumstances: External threats The domestic political landscape: Shared ideas and minor differences Differences within the ‘normal state’ idea group A weakening domestic norm?Conclusion Notes Conclusion Ideational change and the impact of the international norm Ideational competition and Japan’s security policy in the Cold War era Disappearance of a constraint and the effects of the international and domestic norms Future implications Notes Appendix

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Japan’s evolving security policy
During the Cold War, Japan maintained a low profile in the security field. Successive Japanese governments avoided not only playing a security role but also discussing security issues because opposition parties criticised the Self-Defence Forces (SDF) and the alliance with the US as unconstitutional....
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New direction of Japan’s national security policy from the 2000s and toward China
Japan’s postwar national security policy has been often identified with the term ‘pacifism’ or ‘antimilitarism,' which can be distinguished from Realist or military-centric national security approaches. It has been often explained as a strategy based on the Yoshida doctrine or as the influence...
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Debates regarding Japan’s foreign and security policy
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(Japan’s Evolving Security Policy: Militarisation within a Pacifist Tradition)
Ideational competition and Japan’s security policy in the Cold War era
After the enactment of the 1947 Constitution, the Japanese gradually accepted and internalised a pacifist idea. However, Article 9 of the Constitution, a symbol of the pacifist norm, was vague and full of contradictions. While the UN Charter and the San Francisco Peace Treaty stated that independent...
(Japan’s Evolving Security Policy: Militarisation within a Pacifist Tradition)
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types of criticism of the postwar pacifist national security policy
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Is Japan’s engagement in counterpiracy missions a step towards decentering of its security policy?
Introduction This chapter argues that the counter-piracy mission off the coast of Somalia and the Gulf of Aden includes many if not all of these components and can be seen as an important opportunity for Japan to deepen its understanding of forces and governments other than the United States (even...
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Evolving Funding Policies and Practices
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