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Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology

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Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology

Foreword This Book I State-of-the-Art and Discussions of Research Issues : Industrial Ecology's First Decade Origins of Industrial Ecology Constructing the Field of Industrial Ecology Building the Tools of the Trade, 1990–2000 Life-Cycle Assessment Design for Environment Material Flow Analysis Socioeconomic Metabolism Input–Output Analysis UrbanMetabolism Industrial Symbiosis Becoming a Scholarly Field Conferences Scholarly Journals The International Society for Industrial Ecology Courses and Textbooks Epilogue References : Prospective Models of Society's Future Metabolism: What Industrial Ecology Has to Contribute Introduction The Great Transformation Ahead Scientific Response: The Interdisciplinary Systems Approach and Prospective Models Goal and Scope Principles of Prospective Models of Socioeconomic Metabolism Overview and General Principles Credible, Possible, and Likely Scenarios Prospective Modeling in Industrial Ecology: State of the Art Prospective Modeling with Established IE Methods New Approaches to Prospective Modeling in Industrial Ecology The Relation between Prospective IE Models and MFA, LCA, and I/O Analysis The Relation between Prospective IE Models and Consequential LCA Prospective Modeling in Industrial Ecology: Future Development Future Applications and Model Development Linking Industrial Ecology and Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs)Conclusion References : Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: What Is It and What Are Its Challenges?Introduction Definitions of LCSA Sustainability LCSA Definitions Adopted in Practice Main Challenges Identified in LCSA Studies So Far Conclusions Annex 1: Challenges Faced in the LCSA References from the Bibliometric Analysis References : Industrial Ecology and Cities A False Dawn Formative Years of IE Into the Twenty-First Century Urban Metabolism Future Directions References Scholarship and Practice in Industrial Symbiosis: 1989–2014 Introduction I: Why People Sometimes Equate Industrial Symbiosis with Industrial Ecology—Froschand Gallopoulos, Kalundborg, and Beyond II: Bounding Industrial Symbiosis in Time and Space—Distinctions and Differences Industrial Symbiosis: Old, New, or Hidden Single Industry Dominated vs. Multiple Industry Involvement Industrial Symbiosis and Eco-industrial Parks (EIPs)Diffusion of Industrial Symbiosis Understanding Industrial Symbiosis in a Chinese Context Organizational Drivers and Barriers III: Industrial Symbiosis in Both Scholarship and Practice Section A: Industrial Symbiosis in Scholarship Results and Analysis of Bibliometric Study Discussion of Industrial Symbiosis Research Section B: Industrial Symbiosis in Practice Conclusion: Industrial Symbiosis in a World of Difference Appendix References : A Socio-economic Metabolism Approach to Sustainable Development and Climate Change Mitigation Background A Socio-economic Metabolism Framework Energy Materials The Importance of Representing Stocks Problem Shifting Sustainable Development and the Carbon Budget Effective Policymaking: The Case of the Aluminium Sector Reducing Resource Use in the Product Changing the Demand for Stocks in Providing Services Timing The Socio-economic Metabolism Framework and Wealth References Stocks and Flows in the Performance Economy Introduction The Circular Economy – “Loop”, “Lake” and “Performance” Models Remanufacturing, Reprocessing and Product Life Material Intensity and Product-Service Intensity Remanufacturing and Reprocessing Product Life Economic and Social Implications Business Models in the Performance Economy Employment Fiscal Policy Industrial Ecology and the Performance Economy References : Impacts Embodied in Global Trade Flows Introduction Impacts of Trade: New Insights from Recent Research Taking a Consumption-Based Perspective: What Are Impacts Embodied in Trade?Recent Research on Environmental, Social and Economic Impacts Embodied in International Trade Notes on Methodological Developments Merging of Disciplines Assessing Actual Impacts and Their Unsustainability Addressing Uncertainty in MRIO Modelling Is Trade Good or Bad? Some Final Thoughts References : Understanding Households as Drivers of Carbon Emissions Introduction Consumption Accounting and Carbon Footprinting What Makes a Household Carbon Footprint?The Determinants of Household Carbon Footprints Composition of Household Carbon Footprints Looking Through the Lens of Time-Use The Rebound Effect Concluding Comments References : The Social and Solidarity Economy: Why Is It Relevant to Industrial Ecology?Introduction Conceptual Links What Is the Social and Solidarity Economy?What Are the Conceptual Links between SSE and IE, and the Limits?Linkages Between the SSE and IE in Practice The Sharing Economy vs. End of Pipe Giving: Applicability to IE Community Currencies: Idea of Démurage and Applicability to IE Crowdfunding in the Solidarity Economy: towards IE Principles Conclusion References Industrial Ecology in Developing Countries Introduction Benefits of IE for Developing Countries GDP Fixation Previous Studies on IE in Developing Countries IE in the Policy Context What Has Been Achieved by IE in the Global South?Hotspots of IE in the Global South Cleaner Production Eco-Industrial Development Current Issues Impact of Technology Impact of Population and Affluence Policy Development and Funding What Can IE Give to the Global South?Challenges, Metrics and Models How Can the Global South Contribute to IE?Conclusions References :Material Flow Analysis and Waste Management Introduction – Historical and Institutional Perspectives Review of Empirical Studies from the Viewpoint of Target Wastes and Systems Waste in General Construction and Demolition Waste End-of-Life Vehicles and e-Waste Metals in Waste Phosphorus in Waste Waste Plastics Spatial System Boundaries MFA-Based Policies and Concepts for Sustainable Resource and Waste Management Conceptual Progress for Sustainable Resource and Waste Management and Its Relevance to MFA – Cases in China and Japan Initiatives in National and Intergovernmental Activities, Focusing on Policy Application of Economy-Wide MFA Indicators Current and Future Developments References II Case Studies and Examples of the Application of Industrial Ecology Approaches : Circular Economy and the Policy Landscape in the UK Introduction The European Union's Development of Waste Policy and Resource Efficiency Initiatives UK Policy Responses to Circular Economy Objectives The Resource Security Action Plan Waste Prevention Plans Conclusion References : Industrial Ecology and Portugal's National Waste Plans Introduction Portuguese Waste Management Policy 1990–2014: The Contribution of Industrial Ecology PERSU 2020 Impact Assessment of the Portuguese National Plan for Municipal Solid Waste 2014–2020 Environmental Impacts Economic Impacts References : The Role of Science in Shaping Sustainable Business: Unilever Case Study Introduction The Journey So Far Looking to the Future Conceptual Basis for Developing Scientific Approaches Applying the Planetary Boundaries Approach for Business Decision-Making Conclusion References : Practical Implications of Product-Based Environmental Legislation Introduction Dealing with Hazardous Substance Restrictions in Products Ensuring Energy Efficiency Managing Products at End of Life Discussion and Conclusion References : Multinational Corporations and the Circular Economy: How Hewlett Packard Scales Innovation and Technology in Its Global Supply Chain Circular Economy Introduction Why Innovation in Circular Economy Is Important Resource Availability Resource Efficiency Alignment of Conditions The Shift from Conceptual Ambiguity to Operational Clarity HP R2P2 program HP Device-as-a-Service Program HP Multijet Fusion 3D Printing Conclusion References : The Industrial Ecology of the Automobile Introduction Biofuels Powertrains Lightweight Materials Conclusions References : Quantifying the Potential of Industrial Symbiosis: The LOCIMAP Project, with Applications in the Humber Region Introduction: Brief History of Industrial Symbiosis in the Humber Region The LOCIMAP Project LOCIMAP: Guiding Principles Prospects Conclusion References

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