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Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology
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Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology
Foreword
This Book
I State-of-the-Art and Discussions of Research Issues
: Industrial Ecology's First Decade
Origins of Industrial Ecology
Constructing the Field of Industrial Ecology
Building the Tools of the Trade, 1990–2000
Life-Cycle Assessment
Design for Environment
Material Flow Analysis
Socioeconomic Metabolism
Input–Output Analysis
UrbanMetabolism
Industrial Symbiosis
Becoming a Scholarly Field
Conferences
Scholarly Journals
The International Society for Industrial Ecology
Courses and Textbooks
Epilogue
References
: Prospective Models of Society's Future Metabolism: What Industrial Ecology Has to Contribute
Introduction
The Great Transformation Ahead
Scientific Response: The Interdisciplinary Systems Approach and Prospective Models
Goal and Scope
Principles of Prospective Models of Socioeconomic Metabolism
Overview and General Principles
Credible, Possible, and Likely Scenarios
Prospective Modeling in Industrial Ecology: State of the Art
Prospective Modeling with Established IE Methods
New Approaches to Prospective Modeling in Industrial Ecology
The Relation between Prospective IE Models and MFA, LCA, and I/O Analysis
The Relation between Prospective IE Models and Consequential LCA
Prospective Modeling in Industrial Ecology: Future Development
Future Applications and Model Development
Linking Industrial Ecology and Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs)
Conclusion
References
: Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: What Is It and What Are Its Challenges?
Introduction
Definitions of LCSA
Sustainability
LCSA Definitions Adopted in Practice
Main Challenges Identified in LCSA Studies So Far
Conclusions
Annex 1: Challenges Faced in the LCSA References from the Bibliometric Analysis
References
: Industrial Ecology and Cities
A False Dawn
Formative Years of IE
Into the Twenty-First Century
Urban Metabolism
Future Directions
References
Scholarship and Practice in Industrial Symbiosis: 1989–2014
Introduction
I: Why People Sometimes Equate Industrial Symbiosis with Industrial Ecology—Froschand Gallopoulos, Kalundborg, and Beyond
II: Bounding Industrial Symbiosis in Time and Space—Distinctions and Differences
Industrial Symbiosis: Old, New, or Hidden
Single Industry Dominated vs. Multiple Industry Involvement
Industrial Symbiosis and Eco-industrial Parks (EIPs)
Diffusion of Industrial Symbiosis
Understanding Industrial Symbiosis in a Chinese Context
Organizational Drivers and Barriers
III: Industrial Symbiosis in Both Scholarship and Practice
Section A: Industrial Symbiosis in Scholarship
Results and Analysis of Bibliometric Study
Discussion of Industrial Symbiosis Research
Section B: Industrial Symbiosis in Practice
Conclusion: Industrial Symbiosis in a World of Difference
Appendix
References
: A Socio-economic Metabolism Approach to Sustainable Development and Climate Change Mitigation
Background
A Socio-economic Metabolism Framework
Energy
Materials
The Importance of Representing Stocks
Problem Shifting
Sustainable Development and the Carbon Budget
Effective Policymaking: The Case of the Aluminium Sector
Reducing Resource Use in the Product
Changing the Demand for Stocks in Providing Services
Timing
The Socio-economic Metabolism Framework and Wealth
References
Stocks and Flows in the Performance Economy
Introduction
The Circular Economy – “Loop”, “Lake” and “Performance” Models
Remanufacturing, Reprocessing and Product Life
Material Intensity and Product-Service Intensity
Remanufacturing and Reprocessing
Product Life
Economic and Social Implications
Business Models in the Performance Economy
Employment
Fiscal Policy
Industrial Ecology and the Performance Economy
References
: Impacts Embodied in Global Trade Flows
Introduction
Impacts of Trade: New Insights from Recent Research
Taking a Consumption-Based Perspective: What Are Impacts Embodied in Trade?
Recent Research on Environmental, Social and Economic Impacts Embodied in International Trade
Notes on Methodological Developments
Merging of Disciplines
Assessing Actual Impacts and Their Unsustainability
Addressing Uncertainty in MRIO Modelling
Is Trade Good or Bad? Some Final Thoughts
References
: Understanding Households as Drivers of Carbon Emissions
Introduction
Consumption Accounting and Carbon Footprinting
What Makes a Household Carbon Footprint?
The Determinants of Household Carbon Footprints
Composition of Household Carbon Footprints
Looking Through the Lens of Time-Use
The Rebound Effect
Concluding Comments
References
: The Social and Solidarity Economy: Why Is It Relevant to Industrial Ecology?
Introduction
Conceptual Links
What Is the Social and Solidarity Economy?
What Are the Conceptual Links between SSE and IE, and the Limits?
Linkages Between the SSE and IE in Practice
The Sharing Economy vs. End of Pipe Giving: Applicability to IE
Community Currencies: Idea of Démurage and Applicability to IE
Crowdfunding in the Solidarity Economy: towards IE Principles
Conclusion
References
Industrial Ecology in Developing Countries
Introduction
Benefits of IE for Developing Countries
GDP Fixation
Previous Studies on IE in Developing Countries
IE in the Policy Context
What Has Been Achieved by IE in the Global South?
Hotspots of IE in the Global South
Cleaner Production
Eco-Industrial Development
Current Issues
Impact of Technology
Impact of Population and Affluence
Policy Development and Funding
What Can IE Give to the Global South?
Challenges, Metrics and Models
How Can the Global South Contribute to IE?
Conclusions
References
:Material Flow Analysis and Waste Management
Introduction – Historical and Institutional Perspectives
Review of Empirical Studies from the Viewpoint of Target Wastes and Systems
Waste in General
Construction and Demolition Waste
End-of-Life Vehicles and e-Waste
Metals in Waste
Phosphorus in Waste
Waste Plastics
Spatial System Boundaries
MFA-Based Policies and Concepts for Sustainable Resource and Waste Management
Conceptual Progress for Sustainable Resource and Waste Management and Its Relevance to MFA – Cases in China and Japan
Initiatives in National and Intergovernmental Activities, Focusing on Policy Application of Economy-Wide MFA Indicators
Current and Future Developments
References
II Case Studies and Examples of the Application of Industrial Ecology Approaches
: Circular Economy and the Policy Landscape in the UK
Introduction
The European Union's Development of Waste Policy and Resource Efficiency Initiatives
UK Policy Responses to Circular Economy Objectives
The Resource Security Action Plan
Waste Prevention Plans
Conclusion
References
: Industrial Ecology and Portugal's National Waste Plans
Introduction
Portuguese Waste Management Policy 1990–2014: The Contribution of Industrial Ecology
PERSU 2020
Impact Assessment of the Portuguese National Plan for Municipal Solid Waste 2014–2020
Environmental Impacts
Economic Impacts
References
: The Role of Science in Shaping Sustainable Business: Unilever Case Study
Introduction
The Journey So Far
Looking to the Future
Conceptual Basis for Developing Scientific Approaches
Applying the Planetary Boundaries Approach for Business Decision-Making
Conclusion
References
: Practical Implications of Product-Based Environmental Legislation
Introduction
Dealing with Hazardous Substance Restrictions in Products
Ensuring Energy Efficiency
Managing Products at End of Life
Discussion and Conclusion
References
: Multinational Corporations and the Circular Economy: How Hewlett Packard Scales Innovation and Technology in Its Global Supply Chain
Circular Economy Introduction
Why Innovation in Circular Economy Is Important
Resource Availability
Resource Efficiency
Alignment of Conditions
The Shift from Conceptual Ambiguity to Operational Clarity
HP R2P2 program
HP Device-as-a-Service Program
HP Multijet Fusion 3D Printing
Conclusion
References
: The Industrial Ecology of the Automobile
Introduction
Biofuels
Powertrains
Lightweight Materials
Conclusions
References
: Quantifying the Potential of Industrial Symbiosis: The LOCIMAP Project, with Applications in the Humber Region
Introduction: Brief History of Industrial Symbiosis in the Humber Region
The LOCIMAP Project
LOCIMAP: Guiding Principles
Prospects
Conclusion
References
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