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The Cultural Legacies of Chinese Schools in Singapore and Malaysia

Background Power and structure Past and future Multitude and diversity Culture and memory Heritage and resilience I. Power structure of education: Issues and conceptualization Questioning official knowledge: On the state and the politics of knowledge Introduction Thinking politically Hegemony and the state The state and the production of public knowledge The state and identity The complexities of responses to official knowledge Conclusion Notes Bibliography Culture, identity, and education policy: An interview with Michael W. Apple in Singapore The challenge of preserving heritage values of Chinese Schools in Singapore Background Cultural memory and cultural identity Architecture as tangible heritage of the former huaxiao Intangible heritage in huaxiao Cultural memory and social capital Conclusion Notes Bibliography II. Role of Chinese community in education: From colonialism to new nations Chinese community and leaders’ sponsorship for Singapore schools: Case studies of the Chinese High School and Raffles Institution Introduction The founding and sponsors of The Chinese High School The Chinese community and The Chinese High School Contributions of Chinese leaders to the CHS The Chinese element in the development of Raffles Institution The founding and history of Raffles Institution Contributions of Chinese leaders towards Raffles Institution: organisations and individuals Conclusion Notes Bibliography Chinese schools and the development of adult education in Singapore: 1951-1957 Introduction Adult Chinese classes offered Adult English and Malay classes offered Classes offered in 1957 Conclusion Notes Bibliography Between adherence and autonomy: The evolution of Chinese texts in Singapore Transplanting and grafting: early attempts at local Chinese literature textbooks Independence: the new trend in the editing of Singapore Chinese literature textbooks Conclusion Notes Bibliography III. Chinese education in a multiethnic society: Malaysia experience Chinese schools in Malaysia: Between ethnic aspirations and the challenges of forging a national education Introduction Existing literature Background Post-war development Towards independence Education Act 1961 and its aftermath The ICSS and their reform Non-Chinese enrolment in Chinese primary schools Survival of the Chinese schools in the face of criticism Concluding remarks Notes Bibliography Chinese education and cultural resilience: The case of the Chinese educationists in Malaysia Introduction Chinese primary schools Independent Chinese secondary schools Merdeka University and New Era University College Conclusion Bibliography The developmental trend and increasing enrolment of Non-Chinese students in Malaysia’s Chinese primary schools: Challenges and problems (1998-2018)Preface Developmental challenges faced by Chinese primary schools (1990s-2008): the problem of building new Chinese primary schools The current developmental trend of Chinese primary schools (SJK(C)s)The increasing number of Non-Chinese students and SJK(C)s without Chinese students: problems and challenges Conclusion Notes Bibliography IV. Rediscovering Chinese schools: Cultural memory and legacy Fundraising activities as collective memory: Construction of school identity in Anglican High School Introduction: Anglican High School as a SAP School Literature review Materials consulted Profile of respondents Fundraising and construction of identity School founding to the 1970s: fundraising for the construction of the Lee Kuo Chuan Stadium s-1990s: funfair and charity performances From the millennium onwards: the combination of charity walks and funfairs Conclusion and reflection Notes Bibliography Amission in the wilderness: Situating Chineseness in bilingual education at Maris Stella High Introduction: Maris Stella as a Chinese-medium school Heritage of a Chinese mission school Remembering the founder of the school A beacon of hope in the wilderness Bilingualism in Maris Stella as a SAP school Building character Cultural activities in the Huaxiao tradition?Learning Chinese culture, then and now Conclusion Notes Bibliography Changes of heritage values and cultures in Chinese schools: A case study of Dunman High School Introduction Methodology Participants and focus group Survey methods and interview procedure Results and discussion Summary of sun'ey results and discussion Summary of interview findings and discussion Analysis: lack of identification with school culture Conclusion Notes Bibliography Reviewing the inseparable relationship between Singapore’s Chinese-education reform and its Chinese scar literature Each Chinese character is a seed Metaphor of book-burning of two 16-year-old Singaporeans Cultural backbone and cultural outlook of the writers Conclusion Notes Bibliography

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