Determination of Psychological Rehabilitation Treatment Prescription

Confirmed COVID-19 Patients

10.2.5.1.1 Initial Isolation Treatment

Patients’ main manifestations include numbness, denial, anger, fear, anxiety, depression, disappointment, complaint, insomnia, or aggression. The principle of psychological intervention is to support and comfort as the mainstay. Treat patients with tolerance, stabilize their emotions, and assess the risk of suicide, self-harm, and aggression early. Use comprehensive rehabilitation treatment programs such as psychological support therapy, short-term treatment for anxiety resolution, and occupational therapy. If necessary, consult a psychiatrist to determine whether patients need psychiatric medication.

10.2.5.1.2 Isolation Treatment Period

In addition to the mentality that may appear in the initial stage of treatment, patients may also be lonely, do not cooperate, give up treatment due to fear of the disease, or even show excessive optimism and have high expectations for treatment. The principle of psychological intervention is to actively communicate information and consult a psychiatrist if necessary. Adopt comprehensive rehabilitation treatment programs, such as psychological support therapy, short-term anxiety treatment, music therapy, occupational therapy, cognitive intervention, etc. If necessary, consult a psychiatrist to determine whether psychiatric medication is needed.

Patients with Respiratory Distress, Extreme Restlessness, and Difficulty in Expression

The main manifestations of these patients are near-death, panic, despair, and so on. The principle of psychological intervention is to comfort, calm, focus on emotional communication, and enhance their treatment confidence. Psychological support therapy, cognitive intervention, behavior correction, and other comprehensive rehabilitation programs can be used. If necessary, consult a psychiatrist to determine whether psychiatric medication is needed.

Mild Patients for Home Isolation and Patients with Fever for Treatment

The main manifestations of these patients are panic, restlessness, loneliness, helplessness, repression, depression, pessimism, anger, nervousness, pressure to be alienated and avoided by others, grievance, shame, or not paying attention to the disease. The principle of psychological intervention is to provide health education and get the patient to cooperate and adapt to changes. Comprehensive rehabilitation programs such as exercise therapy, music therapy, and health education can be used. If necessary, consult a professional psychiatrist online.

Suspected Patients

The main manifestation of these patients are fluke psychology, avoidance of treatment, fear of discrimination, anxiety, excessive seeking treatment, frequent hospital transfer, etc. The principle of psychological intervention is to educate in a timely manner, correct protection, obey the overall situation, and reduce pressure. Exercise therapy, music therapy, relaxation training, health education, and other comprehensive rehabilitation treatment programs can be used. Consult a professional psychiatrist online if necessary.

Medical Staff and Related Personnel

The main manifestation of these patients is excessive fatigue and tension, even exhaustion, anxiety, insomnia, depression, sadness, grievance, helplessness, repression, frustration, or self-blame in the face of patients’ death. Additionally, they are often worried about being infected, worried about family members, and fear that family members worry about themselves. They are excessively hyperactive, refuse to take reasonable rest, and cannot guarantee their health, etc. The principles of psychological intervention are to regulate rotation, selfregulate, and seek help when there are problems. Psychological support therapy, relaxation training, exercise therapy, music therapy, health education and other comprehensive rehabilitation treatment programs can be used. Consult a professional psychiatrist online if necessary.

People Who Are in Close Contact with Patients (Family Members, Colleagues, Friends, etc.)

The main manifestations of these patients are avoidance, restlessness, anxiety while waiting, blind courage, refusal to protect themselves, and refusal of home observation, etc. The principles of psychological intervention are to educate, comfort, and encourage the use of network communication. Comprehensive rehabilitation treatment programs include psychological support therapy, relaxation training, exercise therapy, music therapy, health education, etc. Consult a professional psychiatrist online if necessary.

People Who Are Reluctant to Seek Medical Treatment in Public

The main manifestations of these patients are fear of misdiagnosis and isolation, lack of awareness, avoidance, neglect, anxiety, etc. The principles of psychological intervention are to explain and persuade, not criticize, and support health-seeking behavior. Psychological support therapy, relaxation training, exercise therapy, music therapy, health education, and other comprehensive rehabilitation treatment programs can be used. Consult a professional psychiatrist online if necessary.

Susceptible Groups and the General Public

The main manifestations of these patients are panic, afraid to go out, blind disinfection, disappointment, fear, irritability, aggressive behavior, over-optimism, giving up, etc. The principles of psychological intervention are to provide health education, guidance of positive response, elimination of fear, scientific prevention. Psychological support therapy, relaxation training, sports therapy, music therapy, health education, and other comprehensive rehabilitation treatment programs can be used. Consult a professional psychiatrist online if necessary.

Forms of Psychological Rehabilitation Counseling

There are various forms of psychological rehabilitation counseling applicable to all kinds of people to ensure that people at all levels can get effective psychological support.

• 1) According to the number of counseling subjects, it can be divided into individual counseling and group counseling.
• 2) According to psychological consultation, it can be divided into outpatient consultation, on-site consultation, telephone consultation, letter consultation, thematic consultation, internet consultation, online outpatient service, etc.

Bibliography

• 1. Ko CH, Yen CF, Yen JY, Yang MJ. Psychosocial impact among the public of the severe acute respiratory syndrome pandemic in Taiwan [J]. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2006, 60(4): 397-403.
• 2. Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, Ng CH. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed [J]. Lancet Psychiatry, 2020,7(3): 228-229.
• 3. Huimin Han, Guangcheng Cui, Ameng Zhao, Na Wang, Zhilei He, Jidong Ma. Relationship between early awakening of depression and event-related potentials [J], Psychology Science, 2011 (6): 242-245.
• 4. Hui Ma, Zhihong Wang, Jin Yan, Taosheng Liu. Progress in the application of event-related potential in psychological stress-related diseases [J]. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science, 2006,15(5): 477-478.
• 5. Meyer BM, Rabi U, Huemer J, Bartova L, Kalcher K, Provenzano J, Brandner C, Sezen P, Kasper S, Schatzberg AF, Moser E, Chen G, Pezawas L. Prefrontal networks dynamically related to recovery from major depressive disorder: A longitudinal pharmacological fMRI study. Translational psychiatry[J]. TranslPsychiatry, 2019,9(1): 64.
• 6. Xu K, Cai H, Shen Y, Ni Q, Chen Y, Hu S, Li J, Wang H, Yu L, Huang H, Qiu Y, Wei G, Fang Q, Zhou J, Sheng J, Liang T, Li L. Management of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19): Tire Zhejiang experience [J]. The Medical Version of Zhejiang University Journal, 2020,49(1): 0.32096367
• 7. Jiang X, Deng L, Zhu Y, Ji H, Tao L, Liu L, Yang D, Ji W. Psychological crisis intervention during the outbreak period of new coronavirus pneumonia from experience in Shanghai [J]. Psychiatry Research, 2020, 286: 112903.
• 8. Experts’ Suggestions on the diagnosis and treatment procedures and routes of mental disorders during the prevention and control of major infectious diseases (COVID-19) [OLJ. Psychiatry Branch of Chinese Medical Association. 2020. doi: 10.3760/cmaJ.c.nll3661-20200219-00039.
• 9. Lau JT, YangX, Tsui HY, Pang E, Wing YK. Positive mental health-related impacts of the SARS on the general public in Hong Kong and their associations with other negative impacts [J]. Journal of Infection, 2006,53(2): 114-124.

• 10. Chen XY, Chen J, Shi X, Jiang M, Li Y, Zhou Y, Ran M, Lai Y, Wang T, Fan F, Liu X, Chan CLW. Trajectories of maternal symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder predict long-term mental health of children following the Wenchuan earthquake in China: A 10-year follow-up study [J]. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020, 266: 201-206.
• 11. Shibata A, Okamatsu M, Sumiyoshi R, Matsuno K.Wang ZJ.Kida H,Osaka H.Sakoda Y. Repeated detection of H7N9 avian influenza viruses in raw poultry meat illegally brought to Japan by international flight passengers[J], Virology. 2018, 524:10-17.
• 12. Shuangyi Qi, Handsome Xi, Xin Ma. A review of Chinese mental health research [J]. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2019,27(6): 947-953.
• 13. Tan J R. Progress of occupational therapy in the treatment of depression [J]. China Sanatorium Medicine, 2019, 28(1): 50-53. (Chinese).
• 14. Aihua Wang, Juan Wang, Bowen Gan. Research progress of TCM treatment of depression [J], Chinese People’s Liberation Army Medical Journal, 2019, 31(6): 112-116.
• 15. Downar J, Daskalakis ZJ. New targets for rTMS in depression: A review of convergent evidence [J]. Brain Stimulation, 2013,6(3): 231-240.
• 16. National Health Commission. Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Self-help and Counseling Guide for Public Psychology [OL]. [2020-02-03].
• 17. National Health Commission. Notice on the Issuance of Novel Coronavirus Outbreak Emergency Psychological Crisis Intervention Guidelines [OLJ. [2020-01-26].
• 18. Holmes TH, Rahe RH. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1967 Aug; 11(2): 213-218. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4. PMID: 6059863.
• 19. Yalin Zhang, Desen Yang. Pathogenicity of life events-Data analysis of 72 cases of hysteria [J], Chinese Journal of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, 1988 (02): 65-68.