Appendix A: Conversion Factors

To Convert From

Do This

Atmospheres to inches of mercury @32°F (Atm to inHg32

(atm)* 29.9213 = (inHg32)

Atmospheres to inches of mercury @60°F (Atm to inHg60)

(atm) * 30.0058 = (inHg60)

Atmospheres to millibars (atm to mb)

(atm) * 1013.25 = (mb)

Atmospheres to pascals (atm to Pa)

(atm)* 101325 = (Pa)

Atmospheres to pounds/square inch (atm to lb/in²)

(atm) * 14.696 = (lb/in²)

Centimeters to feet (cm to ft)

(cm) * 0.032808399 = (ft)

Centimeters to inches (cm to in)

(cm) *0.39370079 = (in)

Centimeters to meters (cm to m)

(cm) * 0.01 = (m)

Centimeters to millimeters (cm to mm)

(cm) * 10 = (mm)

Degrees to radians (deg to rad)

(deg) * 0.01745329 = (rad)

Degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit (C to F)

[(C) * 1.8] + 32 = (F)

Degrees Celsius to degrees Kelvin (C to K)

(C) + 273.15 = (K)

Degrees Celsius to degrees Rankine (C to R)

[(C)* 1.8] + 491.67 = (R)

Degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius (F to C)

1(F) - 32)] * 0.555556 = (C)

Degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Kelvin (F to K)

[(F) *0.555556]+255.37 = (K)

Degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Rankine (F to R)

(F) + 459.67 = (R)

Degrees Kelvin to degrees Celsius (K to C)

(K) - 273.15 = (C)

Degrees Kelvin to degrees Fahrenheit (K to F)

[(K)-255.371 * 1.8 = (F)

Degrees Kelvin to degrees Rankine (K to R)

Я

II

• 00
• *

Я

Degrees Rankine to degrees Celsius (R to C)

RR) -491.671 *0.555556 = (C)

Degrees Rankine to degrees Fahrenheit (R to F)

(R) _ 459.67 = (F)

Degrees Rankine to degrees Kelvin (R to K)

(R) * 0.555556 = (K)

Feet to centimeters (ft to cm)

(ft) * 30.48 = (cm)

Feet to meters (ft to m)

(ft) * 0.3048 = (ft to m)

Feet to miles (ft to mi)

(ft) *0.000189393 = (mi)

Feet/minute to meters/second (ft/min to m/s)

(ft/min) * 0.00508 = (m/s)

Feet/minute to miles/hour (ft/min to mph)

(ft/min) * 0.01136363 = (mph)

Feet/second to kilometers/hour (ft/s to kph)

(ft/s) * 1.09728 = (kph)

Feet/second to knots (ft/s to kt)

(ft/s) * 0.5924838 = (kt)

To Convert From

Do This

Feet/second to meters/second (ft/s to m/s)

(ft/s) * 0.3048 = (m/s)

Feet/second to miles/hour (ft/s to mph)

(ft/s) *0.681818 = (mph)

Grams/cubic centimeter to pounds/cubic foot (gm/cm³ to Ib/ft³)

(gm/cm³) * 62.427961 = (Ib/ft³)

Grams/cubic meter to pounds/cubic foot (gm/m³ to Ib/ft³)

(gm/m³) * 0.000062427961 = (Ib/ft³)

Hectopascals to millibars (hPa to mb)

Nothing, they are equivalent units

Inches to centimeters (in to cm)

(in) * 2.54 = (cm)

Inches to millimeters (in to mm)

(in) * 25.4 = (mm)

Inches of mercury @32°F to atmospheres (inHg32 to atm)

(inHg32)* 0.0334211 = (atm)

Inches of mercury @32°F to millibars (inHg32 to mb)

(inHg32)* 33.8639 = (mb)

Inches of mercury @32°F to pounds/square inch (inHg32 to Ib/in²)

(inHg32> * 0.49115 = (Ib/in²)

Inches of mercury @60°F to atmospheres (inHg60 to atm)

(inHg60) * 0.0333269 = (atm)

Inches of mercury @60°F to millibars (inHg60 to mb)

(inHg60) * 33.7685 = (mb)

Inches of mercury @60°F to pounds/square inch (inHg60 to Ib/in²)

(inHg60) * 0.48977 = (Ib/in²)

Kilograms/cubic meters to pounds/cubic foot (kg/m^J to Ib/ft³)

(kg/m³) * 0.062427961 = (Ib/ft³)

Kilograms/cubic meters to slugs/cubic foot (kg/m³ to slug/ft³)

(kg/m³) * 0.001940323 = (slug/ft³)

Kilometers to meters (km to m)

(km)* 1000 = (m)

Kilometers to miles (km to mi)

(km) * 0.62137119 = (mi)

Kilometers to nautical miles (km to nmi)

(km) * 0.5399568 = (nmi)

Kilometers/hour to feet/second (kph to ft/s)

(kph) *0.91134 = (ft/s)

Kilometers/hour to knots (kph to kt)

(kph) * 0.5399568 = (kt)

Kilometers/hour to meters/second (kph to m/s)

(kph) * 0.277777 = (m/s)

Kilometers/hour to miles/hour (kph to mph)

(kph) * 0.62137119 = (mph)

Kilopascals to millibars (kPa to mb)

(kPa) * 10 = (mb)

Knots to feet/second (kt to ft/s)

(kt) * 1.6878099 = (ft/s)

Knots to kilometers/hour (kt to kph)

(kt) * 1.852 = (kph)

Knots to meters/second (kt to m/s)

(kt)* 0.514444 = (m/s)

Knots to miles/hour (kt to mph)

(kt) * 1.1507794 = (mph)

Knots to nautical miles/hour (kt to nmph)

Nothing, they are equivalent units

Langleys/minute to watts/square meter (ly/min to W/m²)

(ly/min) * 698.339 = (W/m²)

To Convert From

Do This

Watts/square meter to langleys/minute (W/m² to ly/min)

(W/m²) * 0.00143197 = (ly/min)

Meters to centimeters (m to cm)

(m) * 100 = (cm)

Meters to feet (m to ft)

(m)* 3.2808399 = (ft)

Meters to kilometers (m to km)

(m) * 0.001 = (km)

Meters to miles (m to mi)

(m)‘ 0.00062137119 = (mi)

Meters/second to feet/minute (m/s to ft/min)

(m/s) * 196.85039 = (ft/min)

Meters/second to feet/second (m/s to ft/s)

(m/s) * 3.2808399 = (ft/s)

Meters/second to kilometers/hour (m/s to kph)

(m/s) * 3.6 = (kph)

Meters/second to knots (m/s to kt)

(m/s) * 1.943846 = (kt)

Meters/second to miles/hour (m/s to mph)

(m/s) * 2.2369363 = (mph)

Miles to feet (mi to ft)

(mi) * 5280 = (ft)

Miles to kilometers (mi to km)

(mi) * 1.609344 = (km)

Miles to meters (mi to m)

(mi) * 1609.344 = (m)

Miles/hour to feet/minute (mph to ft/min)

(mph) * 88 = (ft/min)

Miles/hour to feet/second (mph to ft/s)

(mph) * 1.466666 = (ft/s)

Miles/hour to kilometers/hour (mph to kph)

(mph) * 1.609344 = (kph)

Miles/hour to knots (mph to kt)

(mph) * 0.86897624 = (kt)

Miles/hour to meters/second (mph to m/s)

(mph) * 0.44704 = (m/s)

Millibars to atmospheres (mb to atm)

(mb) * 0.000986923 = (atm)

Millibars to hectopascals (mb to hPa)

Nothing, they are equivalent units

Millibars to inches of mercury @32°F (mb to inHg32)

(mb) * 0.02953 = (inHg32)

Millibars to inches of mercury @60°F (mb to inHg60)

(mb) * 0.02961 = (inHg60)

Millibars to kilopascals (mb to kPa)

(mb) * 0.1 = (kPa)

Millibars to millimeters of mercury @32°F (mb to mm Hg)

(mb) * 0.75006 = (mm Hg)

Millibars to millimeters of mercury @60°F (mb to mm Hg)

(mb) * 0.75218 = (mm Hg)

Millibars to newtons/square meter (mb to N/m²)

(mb) *100 = (N/m²)

Millibars to pascals (mb to Pa)

(mb) * 100 = (Pa)

Millibars to pounds/square foot (mb to lb/ft²)

(mb) *2.088543 = (lb/ft²)

Millibars to pounds/square inch (mb to lb/in²)

(mb) *0.0145038 = (lb/in²)

Millimeters to centimeters (mm to cm)

(mm) * 0.1 = (cm)

Millimeters to inches (mm to in)

(mm) * 0.039370078 = (in)

Millimeters of mercury @32°F to millibars (mm Hg to mb)

(mm Hg) * 1.33322 = (mb)

Millimeters of mercury @60°F to millibars (mm Hg to mb)

(mm Hg) * 1.32947 = (mb)

Nautical miles to kilometers (nmi to km)

(nmi) * 1.852 = (km)

To Convert From

Do This

Nautical miles to statute miles (nmi to mi)

(nmi) * 1.1507794 = (mi)

Nautical miles/hour to knots (nmpli to kt)

Nothing, they are equivalent units

Newtons/square meter to millibars (N/m² to mb)

(N/m²) * 0.01 = (mb)

Pascals to atmospheres (Pa to atm)

(Pa) * 0.000009869 = (atm)

Pascals to millibars (Pa to mb)

(Pa) * 0.01 = (mb)

Pounds/cubic foot to grams/cubic centimeter (lb/ft³ to gm/cm³)

(lb/ft³) * 0.016018463 = (gm/cm³)

Pounds/cubic foot to grams/cubic meter (lb/ft³ to gm/m³)

(lb/ft³) * 16018.46327 = (gm/m³)

Pounds/cubic foot to kilograms/cubic meter (lb/ft³ to kg/m³)

(lb/ft³)* 16.018463 = (kg/m³)

Pounds/square foot to millibars (lb/ft² to mb)

(lb/ft²) * 0.478803 = (mb)

Pounds/square inch to atmospheres (lb/in² to atm)

(lb/in²) * 0.068046 = (atm)

Pounds/square inch to inches of mercury @32°F (lb/in² to inHg32)

(lb/in²) * 2.03602 = (inHg32)

Pounds/square inch to inches of mercury @60°F (lb/in² to inHg60)

(lb/in²) * 2.04177 = (inHg60)

Pounds/square inch to millibars (lb/in² to mb)

(lb/in²) * 68.9474483 = (mb)

Radians to degrees (rad to deg)

(rad) * 57.29577951 = (deg)

Slugs/cubic foot to kilograms/cubic meter (slug/ft³ to kg/m³)

(slug/ft³) * 515.378 = (kg/m³)

Statute miles to nautical miles (mi to nmi)

(mi) * 0.86897624 = (nmi)

Abu Dhabi

7.624

Denmark

7.650

Algeria

7.661

Ecuador

7.580

Argentina

7.196

France

7.287

Austria

6.974

Bahrain

7.335

Albania

6.672

Brazil

7.315

Angola

7.206

Bulgaria

7.300

Australia

7.775

Canada

7.428

Bolivia

8.086

China

7.300

Brunei

7.334

Congo

7.478

Burma

7.464

Czechoslovakia

6.782

Chile

7.802

Dubai

7.295

Colombia

7.054

^ЕЯУР‘

7.240

Cuba

6.652

Gabon

7.245

Germany

7.223

Hungary

7.630

India

7.441

Indonesia

7.348

Iran

7.370

Iraq

7.453

Japan

7.352

Italy

6.813

Libya

7.615

Kuwait

7.281

Mexico

7.104

Malaysia

7.709

Morocco

7.602

Mongolia

7.300

Neutral Zone

6.825

Netherlands

6.816

New Zealand

8.043

New Guinea

7.468

Norway

7.444

Nigeria

7.410

Pakistan

7.308

Oman

7.390

Poland

7.419

Peru

7.517

Romania

7.453

Qatar

7.573

Senegal

7.535

Saudi Arabia

7.338

Spain

7.287

Sharjah

7.650

Taiwan

7.419

Syria

6.940

Tunisia

7.709

Trinidad

6.989

United Arab Emirates

7.522

Turkey

7.161

United States

7.418

United Kingdom

7.279

Zaire

7.206

USSR

7.350

Venezuela

7.005

Yugoslavia

7.407

Refined

Products

Other Products

Aviation gasoline

8.90

Grease

6.30

Motor gasoline

8.50

Paraffin oil, pure

7.14

White spirits

8.50

Paraffin wax

7.87

Kerosene

7.75

Petrolatum

7.87

Jet fuel

8.00

Asphalt and road oil

6.06

Distillate gas and diesel oil

7.46

Petroleum coke

5.50

Residual fuel oil

6.66

Bitumen

6.06

Lubricating oil

7.00

LPG

11.60

Miscellaneous products

7.00

From

Tons

Long Tons

To

Barrels

Gallons

(Imperial)

Gallons

(U.S.)

Tons/

Year

Tons

(metric)

1

0.984

Multiply by 7.33

256

308

Long tons

1.016

1

7.45

261

313

Barrels

0.136

0.134

1

35

42

Gallons

(Imperial)

0.00391

0.0383

0.0286

1

1.201

Gallons

(U.S.)

0.00325

0.00319

0.0238

0.833

1

Barrels/day

49.8

To Convert:

Barrels

to

Tons

Tons

to

Barrels

Barrels/Day to Tons/Year

Tons/Year to Barrels/Day

Motor spirit

0.118

Multiply by 8.45

43.2

0.0232

Kerosene

0.128

7.80

46.8

0.0214

Gas oil/diesel

0.133

7.50

48.7

0.0205

Fuel oil

0.149

6.70

54.5

0.0184

One Million Tonnes of Oil Approximately Equals

Heat Units

In Btu's

40 x 10¹²

In therms

397 x 10⁶

In teracalories

10,000

Solid Fuels-'

In tonnes of coal

1.5 x10"

In tonnes of lignite

3 x 10⁶

Natural Cas^b

In cubic meters

1.111 x 10"

In cubic feet

39.2x10"

Natural Gas

LNG

LPG

(One billion cubic meters equals approximately 35.3 x 10’ cubic feet)

(One million tonnes equals approximately 0.05 TCF [gas])

(One million tonnes equals approximately 11.8 x 10^b barrels of LPG)

0.89 x 10⁶ tonnes of crude oi 1

1.23 x 10⁶ tonnes of crude oil

1.1 x 10⁶ tonnes of crude oil

0.8 x 10⁶ tonnes of LPG

1.1 x 10⁶ tonnes of LPG

1.25 x 10“ cubic meters (gas)

0.725 x 10¹¹ tonnes of LNG

1.4x10“ cubic meters (gas)

0.91 x 10⁶ tonnes of LNG

1.35 x 10⁶ tonnes of coal

1.9x10⁽’ tonnes of coal

1.7 x 10⁶ tonnes of coal

36 x 10¹² British Thermal Units (Btu)

52 x 10¹² Btu

47 x 10¹² Btu

38 x 10¹⁵ joules (38 PJ)

55 P)

50 P)