Next >

Off-Site Enhanced Biogas Production with Concomitant Pathogen Removal from Faecal Matter

General introduction Scope of research Thesis outline An evaluation of the limitations of sanitation chain in low income, high density settlements: Case study, Kibera, Kenya Abstract Introduction Method Introduction Questionnaires Results Institutional and Legal Framework for FSM in Nairobi City Bio-resource based approach to sanitation Funding, technology selection and ownership of the sanitation technologies Operation and Management of the sanitation facilities Toilet emptying, transportation and disposal of faecal sludge Discussion Sanitation provision approach Kibera sanitation chain Legal and institutional framework Conclusions Acknowledgements References Build-up and impact of volatile fatty acids on E. coli and A. lumbricoides during co-digestion of urine diverting dehydrating toilet (UDDT-FS) Faeces Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods UDDT-FS waste samples Organic market waste samples Fertilised A. lumbricoides eggs Laboratory Scale Experimental set-up Analytical procedures Total solids and volatile solids VFA measurements E. coli enumeration A. lumbricoides egg recovery Data analysis Results and discussion VFA concentration effect on E. coli inactivation Co-digestion of UDDT Waste and Mixed OMW Effect of mix ratio on pH and VFA build-up E. coli inactivation in single substrate and co-digestion experiments A. lumbricoides egg inactivation Practical application in enhancing UDDT-FS sanitisation Conclusions Acknowledgements References Volatile fatty acids (VFA) build-up and its effect on E. coli inactivation during excreta digestion in single-stage and two-stage systems Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods UDDT-Faeces waste samples Mixed Organic Market Waste samples (OMW)Pilot scale AD experiments Plug flow reactor start-up and operation in single substrate and co-digestion experiments Analytical procedures Total solids and volatile solids VFA measurements E. coli enumeration Results and discussion Evaluation of the performance of single stage reactor (Rs) system Co-digestion of UDDT-FS and OMW in a two-stage reactor (Ram) system Conclusions Acknowledgements References Anaerobic digestion of Urine Diverting Dehydrating Toilet Faeces (UDDT-FS) in urban poor settlements: Biochemical energy recovery Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods UDDT-FS waste samples Organic market waste samples Inoculum Experimental setup Laboratory scale BMP test Pilot scale AD experiments Plug flow digester start-up and operation in one- and two-stage AD Analytical procedures Data analysis Results and discussion Methane production in batch scale BMP tests Methane production pilot scale experiments AD application of UDDT-FS management in LIHDS Conclusions Acknowledgements References General discussion Enhancing pathogen inactivation during AD Biochemical energy recovery during anaerobic stabilisation of UDDT-FS Sanitation in relation to energy crisis LIHDS sanitation; Sustainability assessment Conclusions Recommendations References

Next >