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Composites in Biomedical Applications

The Hip Joint and Total Hip Replacement Introduction Implant Fixation Methods Total Hip Replacement Failure Osteolysis Primary Stability Stress Shielding Cement Failure Debonding Implant Fracture Material and Geometry of Artificial Hip Joint Constituents Femoral Head and Acetabular Cup Femoral Prosthesis (STEM)Femoral Prosthesis Geometry Femoral Prosthesis Materials Surface Finishing Materials Utilized in Artificial Hip Joint Components Metals Polymers Ceramics Composites Numerical Methods in Hip Joint Biomechanics and Implant Study Load Transfer in the Proximal Femur Bone Conclusion References A Review of Biocomposites in Biomedical Application Introduction Value of Fuels and Lignocellulose as Raw Material Plant-based Natural Fibers Cellulose-based Natural Fibers Biocomposites Biomaterials in Biomedicine Biomaterial Classifications Application of Natural Fiber Biocomposite in Biomedicine Conclusion References Biocomposites in Advanced Biomedical and Electronic Systems Applications Introduction Biopolymer Processing and its Development Extrusion Injection Molding Electronics Applications of Biocomposites Biocomposite Materials in the Field of LEDs Biosensors and Actuators Supercapacitors Photodiodes and Photovoltaic Solar Cells Other Electrical Applications of Biopolymers Biopolymers in Medical Applications Biopolymer Uses in Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE)Scaffolds Including Calcium Phosphate (CaP)Structure and Organization of Protein Biopolymers Polymeric Biomaterials in Ophthalmology Polymeric Biomaterials for Cardiovascular Disease Therapy Conclusions References Resin-Based Composites in Dentistry—A Review Introduction: Resin-Based Composites (RBC)Matrix in Resin-Based Composite Fillers in Resin-Based Composite Additives in Resin-Based Composite Polymerization of Resin-Based Composites Kinetics of Photopolymerization Reaction Oxygen Inhibited Layer Post-Polymerization Reaction Photoinitiators Camphorquinone (CQ)Recent Photoinitiators Acyl Phosphine Oxide (APO)Phenyl Propanedione (PPD)Germanium-Based Photoinitiator Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites Techniques for Resin-Based Composite Application Incremental Technique Bulk-Fill Technique Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites Properties of Bulk-Fill Composites Polymerization Shrinkage and Stress Cuspal Flexure Marginal Adaptability Light Curing Units Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen Light (QTH)Plasma-Arc Light (РАС)Argon-Ion Laser (AL)Light-Emitting Diode (LED)Development in Light-Emitting Diode First-Generation LED Second-Generation LED Third-Generation LED Effectiveness of Cure of Resin-Based Composites Vibrational Spectroscopy ISO 4049 Method Surface Hardness (SH)The Influence of Curing Light Distance on the Effectiveness of Cure of Resin-Based Composites Summary References Classifications and Applications of Biocomposite Materials in Various Biomedical Fields Introduction Biomaterials Biomaterials: Evolution Classes of Biomaterials Metals and Alloys Bioceramics Biopolymers Biocomposites Types of Biocomposites Properties of Biocomposites Applications of Biocomposites Conclusion Acknowledgment References Conceptual Design of Composite Crutches Introduction Methodology Results and Discussions Conclusion References Conceptual Design of Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Chair with Input from Anthropometric Data Introduction Methods Results and Discussion Anthropometric Data Analysis Anthropometric Data Evaluation of Malaysian Adults Anthropometric Data Comparison between Students with Chair Dimensions Comparative Overview of Students Comparison between Genders Mismatches between Chair Detail Design of Biocomposite Chair with Inputs from AD Conclusion Acknowledgments References A Review on Nanocellulose Composites in Biomedical Application Introduction Biocompatibility and Toxicology of Nanocellulose Composites Biomedical Application of Nanocellulose Composites Pharmaceutical Wound Dressings and Skin Substitutes Cardiovascular Medical Devices Orthopedics Dental Ophthalmologic Application Conclusion References Medical Rubber Glove Waste As Potential Filler Materials in Polymer Composites Introduction General Overview of Rubber Gloves Rubber Glove Types Medical Rubber Glove Manufacturing Medical Rubber Glove Properties Incorporation of Waste Rubber Products in the Composites Industry Incorporation of Waste Medical Rubber Gloves in the Composite Industry Conclusion Acknowledgment References Fabrication and Properties of Polylactic Acid/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites for Human Bone Substitute Materials Introduction Fabrication Techniques of PLA/HAP Biocomposite Properties of PLA/HAP Biocomposite Thermal Properties Mechanical Properties Melt Flow Properties Conclusion Acknowledgment References Hydrogel-Based Composites in Perfusion Cell Culture/Test Device: Drug Delivery through Diffusion Introduction Background Perfusion Cell Culture/Test Device Theoretical Basis Kinetic Theories of Diffusion in Composite Membrane Basic Fluid Dynamics in Perfusion Channels Materials and Experimental Approaches Preparation of Hydrogel-Based Composite Membrane Purification Treatment of Hydrogel-Based Composite Experimental Approaches for Tests Experimental Results Glucose Release Rate Capacity of Absorption Drug Delivery through Diffusion Glucose from Culture Chamber to Drug Delivery Reservoir Testing Drug from Delivery Reservoir to Culture Chamber Conclusion Acknowledgment References Nanocomposites for Human Body Tissue Repair Introduction The Composite Approach Classification of Biomedical Composites Matrix, Reinforcement, and Interface in Biomedical Composites Matrix Materials Reinforcements Interface Design and Fabrication of Nanocomposites Design of Nanocomposites Fabrication Techniques Characterization, Performance, and Applications of Nanocomposites Characterization of Biomedical Nanocomposites Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biomedical Nanocomposites Tensile Testing Compression Testing Flexural Testing Microhardness Testing Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Biological Evaluation of Biomedical Nanocomposites Cell Viability Cell Adhesion and Cell Morphology Cell Differentiation In Vivo Animal Study Medical Applications of Nanocomposites Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References Advances in Marine Skeletal Nanocomposites for Bone Repair Introduction Natural Bone Structure Nanomaterials and Nanostructures Marine Skeletal Nanostructures Bioceramic-Polymer Nanocomposites Advanced Scaffold Fabrication Techniques Marine Nanocomposites Conclusion References Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites for Biomedical Applications Introduction Magnesium Composite Materials and Applications Magnesium Composite Materials Applications Types of Reinforcements Manufacturing Methods Solid State Liquid State Characterization of Magnesium Composites Microstructure Evolution Mechanical Properties Biological Properties Biological Corrosion Corrosion Mechanisms Types of Biological Corrosion Conclusion References

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