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Sustainable Product Design and Development

DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABILITY Performance Evaluation of the Economic Pillar Performance Evaluation of the Environmental Pillar Performance Evaluation of the Societal Pillar Sustainable Product Indicators for the Economic Pillar Sustainable Product Indicators for the Environmental Pillar Sustainable Product Indicators for the Societal Pillar DEFINITION OF DESIGN ANDTHE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS The Engineering Design Process SELECTION OF MATERIALS SELECTION OF MACHINING PROCESSES WHAT IS DESIGN REVIEW?Soft-Hard (S-H) Review DESIGNING A PRODUCT FOR FUNCTIONALITY Case Study: Can Opener Guideline Development for Can Opener What Are the Manufacturing Attributes That Affect Functionality?Development of Linkages to Connect Functionality with Manufacturing Functionality Evaluation Test: Development of a Survey DESIGNING A PRODUCT FOR USABILITY GOLDEN RULES OF SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN CONCLUSION REFERENCES Environmental Legislations INTRODUCTION EXAMPLES OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS AROUND THE WORLD Environmental Legislation for the State of New York Environmental Legislation for the State of Illinois Environmental Legislation for the State of Virginia Environmental Legislations in Germany Environmental Legislations in France Environmental Legislations in England Environmental Legislations in the EU Environmental Legislations in the Netherlands Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)ROHS Directive R2 Standard E Stewards Standard Environmental Laws in China Product Takeback Law in India Product Takeback Program: Caterpillar Reman Product Takeback Program: Dell Product Takeback Program: Ford Product Takeback Program: Daimler KEY TAKEAWAYS FROM STATE LAWS DEALING WITH DISPOSAL OF ELECTRONIC WASTE E-waste Collection Volume Depends on Collection Infrastructure and/or Clearly Documented Collection Goals Manufacturers Often Adhere Strictly to State Laws and Will not do any More than Required Some States Whose Laws Cover Cost of Collecting e-Waste Have Higher Collection Numbers Goals for e-Waste Collection Should be Set High and They Should be in the Form of Minimums Manufacturers Seem to Prefer Collection in Urban Areas Over Rural Areas The Level of Recycling is Enhanced by Bans on Landfills Environmentally Responsible Handling of e-Waste is Ensured by Proactive Decision Making on the Part of the Individual States Remember: Despite the Obvious Advantages of Recycling, Reusing a Product is Always Preferable to Recycling it Consumers Would Like to Bring Back "all" Electronic Products not Just a Few Selected Ones Product Takeback Programs Should be Transparent CONCLUSION REFERENCES Design for Disassembly IMPORTANCE AND DEFINITION OF DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY DISASSEMBLY PROCESS PLANNING DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY GUIDELINES PRODUCT MODULARIZATION FOR DISASSEMBLY: DESIGN APPROACH TO DISASSEMBLY DISASSEMBLY ALGORITHMS AND SEQUENCE PLANS: REACTIVE APPROACH TO DISASSEMBLY USING PREDETERMINED MOTION TIME SYSTEMS (PMTS) TO EVALUATE EASE OF DISASSEMBLY: PROACTIVE APPROACH FRAMEWORK OF AN INTERACTIVE SYSTEM FOR DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY Computing Disassembly Time How Does the Interactive Design for Disassembly System Work?Case Study How is a Product Being Designed Based on Current Practice and Literature?Solution in the Form of Design Modifications Design Option I, II, III Advantages of the Proposed System CONCLUSION REFERENCES Designing for Assembly DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE OF THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS DEFINITION OF DESIGN FOR ASSEMBLY TYPES OF ASSEMBLY METHODS DIFFERENT MODES OF ASSEMBLY AND DESIGN GUIDELINES TO FACILITATE THEM Design Guidelines for Manual Assembly Design Guidelines for Automatic Assembly Design Guidelines for Robotic Assembly METHODOLOGIES FOR EVALUATING DFA The Hitachi Assemblability Evaluation Method The Procedure for Design Analysis Using Hitachi Evaluation Method The Lucas DfA Evaluation Method The Boothroyd Dewhurst DfA Method A DfA Methodology Based on MTM Standards CONCLUSION REFERENCES Designing for Maintenance WHAT IS MAINTENANCE?WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT MAINTAINABILITY?ELEMENTS OF THE MAINTENANCE OPERATION TYPES OF MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES Corrective Maintenance Predictive Maintenance Maintaining a Degrading System Aggressive Maintenance PLANNING FOR MAINTENANCE AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH DESIGN REVIEW Reviewing Design Specifications at the Initial Stage System Review before Delving into Detailed Design System Review Post Equipment Design Evaluation of Equipment Evaluating the Concept Device Performance Index (DPI)Analyzing the Profile of the Parameter Analysis of Components MODELS USED TO FACILITATE EQUIPMENT DESIGN FOR EASE OF PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE The RCA Method The Federal Electric Method Design Attributes for Enhancing Maintainability of a Product The SAE Maintainability Standard Location (SAE J817)Access (SAE J817)Operation (SAE J817)Miscellaneous Considerations (SAE J817)Frequency Multiplier (SAE J817)The Bretby Maintainability Index Description of the Index of the Index: Accessibility of the Index: Operations Bretby Index: Other Features Using the Index DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EASE OF MAINTENANCE OF AIR FORCE WEAPON SYSTEMS Design Requirements for Accessibility Types of Access in Order of Preference General Design Requirements for Accessing a Component Shape of Access Location of Access Size of Access Design Requirements for Handles General Requirements When Designing Handles Location of Handles Additional Use of Handles Design Requirements for Fasteners General Fastener Requirements Types of Fasteners in Order of Preference Quick Disconnect Devices Latches and Catches Captive Fasteners Combination—Head Bolts and Screws Regular Screws Bolts and Nuts Internal Wrenching Screws and Bolts Rivets CONCLUSION REFERENCES Consideration of Reuse, Recycling and Remanufacturing INTRODUCTION WHAT IS PRODUCT REUSE?PRODUCT MODULARIZATION FOR EASE OF REUSE WHAT IS RECYCLING?TYPES OF RECYCLING COMPONENTS OF A RECYCLING SYSTEM DESIGN FOR RECYCLING ASSESSING RECYCLABILITY MANUAL MATERIAL SEPARATION VERSUS MECHANICAL SEPARATION DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR MATERIAL SEPARATION APPLYING MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDELINES TO DIFFERENT SCENARIOS WHAT IS REMANUFACTURING?COMPARING PRODUCTS THAT HAVE BEEN REMANUFACTURED, RECYCLED, RECONDITIONED AND REPAIRED WHAT TYPE OF PRODUCTS CAN BE REMANUFACTURED?CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR REMANUFACTURING TO BE PROFITABLE TYPES OF REMANUFACTURERS GUIDELINES FOR DFREM BENEFITS OF REMANUFACTURING METRIC DEVELOPMENT FOR ASSESSING REMANUFACTURABILITY CASE STUDY TO EVALUATE PRODUCT REMANUFACTURABILITY CONCLUSION REFERENCES Costing for Sustainable Product Design INTRODUCTION BASIC DEFINITIONS AND TYPES OF COST Types of Indirect Costs MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO PREDICT DEVELOPMENT COSTS FOR VARIOUS END-OF-LIFE OPTIONS Recycling Cost Remanufacturing Cost Refurbishing Cost CONCLUSION REFERENCES

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GOLDEN RULES OF SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN
QFD, design guidelines and design checklists are some of the tools more commonly used in the product design process. We have already encountered several examples of these tools in the previous part of this chapter. Specifically, design checklists and QFD were used when we presented the concepts of product...
(Sustainable Product Design and Development)
Costing for Sustainable Product Design
In order to be truly sustainable, a product needs to address all three pillars of sustainability, namely the pillars of environmental conservation, social sustainability and economic sustainability. We have examined the role of the first two pillars in the process of designing sustainable products....
(Sustainable Product Design and Development)
Digital Collaboration in Product Design and Development
Collaboration is the most challenging part of the product design and development process. Unlocking the ingenious potential throughout the NPD group offers an inspiration to development by involving all stakeholders and cross-functional team from starting in a workshop-based strategy, thereby developing...
(Product Lifecycle Management (PLM): A Digital Journey Using Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT))
Orientation of Sustainable Product Development
Abdul Zubar Hameed, K. Lenin, and M. Fakkir Mohamed Engineering has been enhanced at a fast rate on the enterprise level. Nevertheless, these engineering developments don’t seem to have been appropriated to the industrial stages and it is still at the previous stage because the beginning of...
(Sustainable Manufacturing for Industry 4.0:An Augmented Approach)
Methods in innovation design research: Developing the product
In this chapter, philosophical considerations will be used to investigate how each product development in some way is unique and yet a typology can be developed to get grips on the variation of design situations. It will be argued that different situations call for different methods and that the (often...
(Innovation Research in Technology and Engineering Management: A Philosophical Approach)
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCT
The impartial of the product development schedule using QbD are to fulfill desired patient requirements and to acknowledge attributes that drug product should possess to apply deliberate therapeutic response. The product development must unvarying is systematic, scientific, and risk-based to attain these...
(Pharmaceutical Drug Product Development and Process Optimization: Effective Use of Quality by Design)
Investment in Product Innovation and Development
Many researchers including Helfat and Raubitschek (2000), Winter (2003), Danneels (2002) and Eisenhardt and Martin (2000) have argued that product development is an important characteristic of dynamic capabilities and, to be successful, requires 'bold resource commitments' (Steinbock, 2000, p. 184) made...
(Managing Media Firms and Industries)
Psychological Design and Development
The Tripartite Theory of Machiavellian Morality: Judgment, Influence, and Conscience as Distinct Moral Adaptations Debates surrounding morality dominate much of people's everyday conversations (Dunbar, 2004). Humans are fascinated by uncovering, discussing, and analyzing the moral decisions...
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Sustainable Production
The dawning digital age spawned auspicious terms such as “the paperless office” and “telecommuting,” and rapidly evolving applications that were scarcely imagined at the time, such as Skype and cloud computing, have delivered on these visions in compelling ways. Yet experience to date—for example,...
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Using VR for Complex Product Design
Abstract. Virtual reality is a key technology for the designing of products through complex human-product interactions. This paper deals with the development of a product design method for complex human-product interactions, using the virtual reality (VR) technology. This VR method uses the graph theory...
(Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality)