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Virtual Reality in Health and Rehabilitation

SECTION I. Introductory Perspective Virtual Reality for Health and Rehabilitation SETTING THE SCENE WHAT IS VIRTUAL REALITY?THE ROLE OF VIRTUAL REALITY IN THE HEALTH AND REHABILITATION ENVIRONMENT VIRTUAL REALITY IN A POST COVID-19 WORLD SUMMARY REFERENCES SECTION II. Virtual Reality in Neurological Rehabilitation On the Possibility of Using Virtual Reality to Improve the Mobility of Peoplewith Parkinson’s Disease FREEZING OF GAIT (FOG)POSSIBLE TREATMENTS Sensory Stimulation THE EFFECT OF VISUAL CUE ON PD LOCOMOTION Virtual and Augmented Reality DISCUSSION REFERENCES Virtual Reality for Stroke Rehabilitation STROKE REHABILITATION POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF VIRTUAL REALITY WHEN USED IN STROKE REHABILITATION EVOLUTION OF VIRTUAL REALITY IN STROKE REHABILITATION OVER TIME WHAT TYPES OF INTERVENTIONS HAVE BEEN CREATED AND TESTED?WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE? WHAT LEVEL AND FOR WHAT OUTCOME?WHEN AND HOW SHOULD VIRTUAL REALITY BE IMPLEMENTED AFTER STROKE?WHAT DO CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES RECOMMEND IN REGARDS TO VIRTUAL REALITY FOR STROKE REHABILITATION?ILLUSTRATION OF THE APPLICATION FROM THE USERS' PERSPECTIVE Stroke Survivors Health Professionals DISCUSSION REFERENCES VR-Based Assessment and Intervention of Cognitive Functioning after Stroke COGNITIVE FUNCTION AFTER STROKE VR-BASED NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT STROKE REHABILITATION VRCT REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE VRCT: A TESTIMONY FROM A THERAPIST FINAL REMARKS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES Virtual Reality in Robotic Neurorehabilitation STATE-OF-THE-ART VR TECHNOLOGY Conventional VR Technology Employed in Neurorehabilitation Limitations of Conventional VR Technology in Robotic Neurorehabilitation Novel Immersive VR Technologies Potential Advantages of Immersive VR in Robotic Neurorehabilitation ILLUSTRATION OF THE APPLICATION FROM THE USERS PERSPECTIVE: IMMERSIVE VR IN NEUROREHABILITATION SETTINGS Immersive VR for a More Direct Visuospatial Transformation First-Person Immersive Virtual Reality To Enhansce Embodiment Individualized Immersive VR to Enhance Motivation and Engagement Enhancing Skill Transfer Through Multisensory Integration DISCUSSION AND FUTURE TRENDS/DEVELOPMENTS REFERENCES Virtual Reality Interventions’ Effects on Functional Outcomes for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders Virtual Reality Interventions' Effects for Children with Cerebral Palsy Virtual Reality Interventions' Effects for Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)Virtual Reality Interventions' Effects for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder CONCLUSION REFERENCES The Use of Virtual Reality Environments in Cognitive Rehabilitation after Traumatic Brain Injury VR GENERAL PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO CR AFTER TBI VR ASSESSMENT OF COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE ON ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING FOR PEOPLE WITH TBI Comparison Between Virtual and Real Settings Comparison Between People After TBI and Healthy Control Subjects COGNITIVE VIRTUAL REHABILITATION PROGRAMS FOR PEOPLE WITH TBI CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Training of the Ankle, Hip and Stepping Strategies on Balance after Stroke TRAINING OF THE ANKLE AND HIP STRATEGIES TRAINING OF THE STEPPING STRATEGY NOTES REFERENCES Engaging Stroke Survivors with Virtual Neurorehabilitation Technology UPPER LIMB STROKE NEUROREHABILITATION THE POTENTIAL OF VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNIQUES EXAMPLE 1: AUGMENTED REFLECTION TECHNOLOGY EXAMPLE 2: NEUROREHABILITATION INVOLVING SPECIALISED PHYSICAL DEVICES EXAMPLE 3: VIRTUAL REALITY IN HOME-BASED MIRROR THERAPY CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK REFERENCES SECTION III. Virtual Reality for Health Education Simulation-Based Training for Ultrasound Practice CONCERNS WITH CLINICAL-BASED TRAINING Supervision Shortage Clinical Environment Patient Safety ULTRASOUND SKILLS ACQUISITION USING VR SIMULATION Cognitive Skills: Learning Efficiency and Knowledge Retention Psychomotor Skills: Scanning Competence FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS CONCLUSION REFERENCES Health Profession Education and Training Using Virtual Reality APPLICATIONS OF VR TO HEALTH PROFESSION EDUCATION AND TRAINING Technical Skills Training 'Open' VR 'Closed' VR Interpersonal Skills Training Clinical Skills Training Skills Assessment DISCUSSION OF THE ROLE OF VR-BASED TRAINING FUTURE TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS REFERENCES SECTION IV. Gamification and Virtual Reality in Contemporary Contexts Exergaming in Multiple Sclerosis – Bridging the Evidence-Practice Gap A BRIEF HISTORY OF EXERGAMING LIFEWORLD AND PERSON-CENTRED DESIGN THE CONCEPT OF FLOW ACTIVE GAMING AND REHABILITATION ACTIVE GAMING AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)CASE STUDY 1: AN EXAMPLE OF A LABORATORY-BASED AVG PROGRAMME, COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL BALANCE TRAINING IN PEOPLE WITH MS REHABILITATION IN THE HOME CASE STUDY 2: MII-VITALISE - AN EXAMPLE OF A HOME-BASED AVG INTERVENTION INCORPORATING BEHAVIOUR CHANGE TECHNIQUES ILLUSTRATION OF THE APPLICATION FROM THE USERS' PERSPECTIVES Plow and Finlayson (2014)Forsberg, Nilsagârd, and Bostrom (2015)Palacios-Ceña et al. (2016)Thomas et al. (2017)Overall DISCUSSION FUTURE TRENDS/DEVELOPMENTS REFERENCES Participant Adherence to a Video Game-Based Tele-Rehabilitation Program: A Mixed-Methods Case Series INTRODUCTION TO STROKE REHABILITATION ACCESSIBILITY AND ADHERENCE CASE STUDIES. TREATMENTS MEASUREMENTS Case 1: BJ Case 2: WA Case 3: SK Case 4: DM DISCUSSION REFERENCES Virtual Reality Game-Based Exercises with Lead Motion Applied to Developmental Disorders LEAP MOTION CONTROLLER THE USE OF LEAP MOTION IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)Down's Syndrome Cerebral Palsy (CP)PPGDD PROPOSALS FOR THE USE OF LEAP MOTION FOR MOTOR REHABILITATION FINAL CONSIDERATIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES SECTION V. Emerging Perspectives and Applications of Virtual Reality in Practice Applications of Virtual Reality in Aphasia Therapy: Findings from Research with EVA Park EVA PARK RESEARCH WITH EVA PARK DISCUSSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Virtual Reality in Orthopedic Rehabilitation GENERALIZED MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS REGION-SPECIFIC MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS Spine Lower Extremity VR For Hip Rehabilitation VR FOR KNEE REHABILITATION Rehabilitation after TKR TKR Telerehabilitation VR Rehabilitation For OA VR Rehabilitation after ACL Repair VR FOR ANKLE REHABILITATION VR for Traumatic Fracture Rehabilitation UPPER EXTREMITY ILLUSTRATION OF THE APPLICATION FROM THE USERS PERSPECTIVE DISCUSSION AND FUTURE TRENDS/DEVELOPMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT REFERENCES Emerging Perspectives of Virtual Reality Techniques VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION FOUNDATIONS FOR TASK-ORIENTED REHABILITATION: NEUROPLASTICITY OVERVIEW OF VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGICAL REHABILITATION Stroke Parkinson's Disease Multiple Sclerosis Spinal Cord Injury Traumatic Brain Injury Cerebral Palsy VIRTUAL REALITY AND PAIN MANAGEMENT VIRTUAL REALITY AND ORTHOPEDIC REHABILITATION ROBOTIC ASSISTED-VIRTUAL REALITY AND ORTHOPEDIC REHABILITATION CASE REPORT DESCRIBING THE APPLICATION OF A VIRTUAL REALITY-ENHANCED ROBOTIC DEVICE IN ORTHOPEDIC REHABILITATION CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES Non-Immersive Virtual Reality as a Tool for Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USING VIRTUAL REALITY WITH CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY Population Indications and Benefits of Using VR Based on ICF Components Program Characteristics Clinical Recommendations CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES Virtual Reality Applications in the Context of Low Vision Rehabilitation LOW VISION: DEFINITION AND THE ROLE OF REHABILITATION TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO SIMULATOR OR VIRTUAL REALITY DISPLAYS APPLICATIONS OF VIRTUAL REALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF LOW VISION Head-mounted Displays Used as a Visual Prosthetics Visual Parameters Effects on Functional Vision Facilitators and Barriers A Tool for Evaluating and Training Individuals with Low Vision Orientation and Mobility and Other Functional Vision Competencies Visual Impairment Simulation for Educational Purposes FUTURE PRIORITIES AND POSSIBILITIES Perspectives Related to Technologies Binocular Vision Optimization of the Virtual Reality Experience Using Eye Tracking and Gaze Control Reducing Experience of Cybersickness and Other Associated Symptoms Orienting Toward Mainstream and Personalized Devices Perspectives Related to Rehabilitation Development of Efficient Training Programs Predictors Associated with Head-Mounted Display Use Exploring Lived Experience of Virtual Reality in Persons with Low Vision REFERENCES Response of Women with Mobility Impairments to a Group Weight Management Intervention in the Virtual World of SecondLife SECONDLIFE REAL-LIFE BENEFITS FROM ACTIVITIES IN SL METHODS RESULTS Themes Theme 1. It Is Difficult to Balance Replicating Disability and Accessibility from Real Life and Allowing Fantasy in the Gowoman Environment Theme 2. SL Poses New Kinds of Challenges to Movement Theme 3. Disability Affects Group Dynamics in SL as it Does in Real Life Theme 4. Exercise in SL has Effects in Real Life Theme 5. Privacy and Anonymity in SL Facilitate Open Communication Theme 6. Balance of Pros and Cons of a Virtual Intervention DISCUSSION IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DISCLOSURE STATEMENT FUNDING REFERENCES

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