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Experimental Methods in Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics

Conduction, Convection, and Radiation Heat Transfer Conduction Convection Radiation Experimental Methods in Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Problems References Velocity and Flow Rate Measurements Pressure Measurements Pressure Units and Quantities Static Pressure Probes Total and Static Pressure Probes Velocity Measurements Manometers Pressure Transducers Velocity Calculations Flow Rate Measurements Differential Pressure Meters Force Meters Flow Rate Calculations Experiment Examples Problems References Temperature and Heat Flux Measurements Temperature Measurements Thermal Expansion Temperature Sensors Electrical Resistance Temperature Sensors Thermocouple Thermometry Fundamental Principles for Thermocouples Typical Thermocouple Fabrication and Calibration Error Estimate in Temperature Measurements Lead Wire Model High Velocity Gas Temperature Measurements Heat Flux Measurements Power Sources with Meters Typical Heaters for Various Applications Error Estimate in Heat Flux Measurements Problems References Experimental Planning and Analysis of Results Experimental Planning Literature Survey and Equipment Identification Test Section Design, Fabrication, and Instrumentation Flow Measurement Experimental Methods and Measurement Techniques Heater Power Specifications Heater Power Estimations Test Facility Calibrations and Measurements Analysis of Results Data Reduction and Uncertainty Analysis Overall Uncertainty Based on the Second Power Equation in a Single-Sample Experiment Generalization The Uncertainty Based on the Precision Limit and the Bias Limit Test Uncertainty Performance Test Code Results Comparisons and Conclusions Problems References Steady-State Heat Transfer Measurement Techniques Introduction and Measurement Theory Fundamental Measurement Theory for Internal Flows Fundamental Measurement Theory for External Flows Steady-State, Overall Average Heat Transfer Measurement Technique Single Copper Plate with Heater and Thermocouples Experiment Example Mass Flow Rate Calculation Heat Loss Calibration (Raw Data)Heat Transfer Enhancement (Raw Data)Heat Transfer Enhancement Data Reduction Steady-State, Regional Average Heat Transfer Measurement Technique Multiple Copper Plates with Heaters and Thermocouples Experiment Example Background and Introduction to Experiment Mass Flow Rate Calculation Heat Loss Calibration (Raw Data)Heat Transfer Enhancement (Raw Data)Heat Transfer Enhancement Data Reduction Frictional Losses (Raw Data)Frictional Losses Data Reduction Steady-State, Local Heat Transfer Measurement Technique Thin Foil Heaters with Thermocouples Experiment Example Background and Introduction to Experiment Freestream Velocity Calculation Acquired Experimental Data (Heat Loss and Convective Heat Transfer Data)Airfoil Heat Transfer Coefficient Distributions Additional References Problems References Time Dependent Heat Transfer Measurement Techniques Introduction and Measurement Theory Transient Lumped Capacitance Measurement Technique Fundamental Principle Implementation of Lumped Capacitance Using Thermocouples Experiment Example Transient Heat Flux Measurements for Local Heat Transfer Coefficients Fundamental Principle Thin Film Heat Flux Gauges Experiment Example Transient Techniques for Measurement of Detailed Heat Transfer Coefficients Fundamental Principle One-Dimensional Transient Heat Conduction with Surface Convection Experiment Example Problems References Liquid Crystal Thermography Techniques Measurement Theory Liquid Crystal Thermography Overview Liquid Crystal Thermography Calibration Steady-State Local Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurement Steady-State Detailed Heat Transfer Measurement Techniques Fundamental Principal Hue Saturation Intensity (HSI) Technique Transient Detailed Heat Transfer Measurement Technique Transient HSI Technique Transient Single-Color Capturing Technique Experiment Example Background Information and Heat Transfer Theory Heat Transfer Measurement with Time-Dependent Mainstream Temperature Film Cooling Effectiveness Problems References Optical Thermography Techniques Infrared Thermography (IR) Technique Fundamental Principle Steady-State, Infrared Thermography Technique Transient, Infrared Thermography Technique Experiment Example Problems References Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP) and Temperature-Sensitive Paint (TSP) Techniques Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP) Technique Fundamental Principal PSP for Pressure Measurement PSP for Film Cooling Measurement Experiment Example Temperature-Sensitive Paint (TSP) Technique Fundamental Principle Steady-State TSP Technique Transient TSP Technique Experiment Example Problems References Mass Transfer Analogy Measurement Techniques Introduction Naphthalene Sublimation for Heat/Mass Transfer Measurements Foreign Gas Concentration Sampling Technique Ammonia-Diazo Technique Problems References Flow and Thermal Field Measurement Techniques Miniature Five-Hole and Seven-Hole Probes Fundamental Principles of Multiple-Hole Probes Methods for Using the Five-Hole Probe Experiment Example Hot Wire Anemometry Fundamental Principles of Hot Wire Probes Hot Wire Calibration—Constant Temperature Anemometer (CTA)Experiment Example Cold-Wire Anemometry Fundamental Principles of Cold Wire Probes Cold Wire Calibration—Constant Current Anemometer (CCA)Experiment Example Problems References Flow Field Measurements by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Techniques Introduction to Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)Fundamental Principles of PIV Basic System Components for Traditional PIV Experiments Seed Particles Illumination System Cameras for PIV Hardware Synchronizer General Methodology for Image Processing Recent Advancements in PIV Experimental Examples of PIV Other Resources Problems References

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