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Dendrimers in Nanomedicine: Concept, Theory and Regulatory Perspectives

Introduction Nanotechnology in Biomedical/Healthcare/Pharmaceutical Science History of Nanomaterials Classification of Nanotechnology Nanomaterials/Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanosystems Approved Marketed Products and Products Currently Undergoing Clinical Trials Conclusions Abbreviations REFERENCES Fundamental Aspects of Targeted Drug Delivery Introduction Advantages of Drug Targeting Pharmacokinetic Consideration in Drug Targeting Rationale for Drug Targeting Factors Influencing Drug Targeting Levels and Approaches of Drug Targeting Double/Dual Targeting Carriers for Drug Targeting Dendrimer-based Targeted Drug Delivery Conclusions and Future Directions Abbreviations REFERENCES Dendrimers in Nanomedicine: History, Concept and Properties of Dendrimers Introduction Historical Perspective Architecture of Dendrimers Types of Dendrimers Nomenclature of Dendrimers Properties of Dendrimers Conclusions and Future Perspective Abbreviations REFERENCES Introduction Structure of Dendrimers Generation of Dendrimers Properties of Dendrimers Chemistry of Different Dendrimers Types of Dendrimers Polyamidoamine (РАМАМ) Dendrimers Hyperbranced Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Dendrimers Polypropylene Imines (PPIs)/Diamino Butane(DAB)/Polypropylene Amine Carbohydrate-Containing Dendrimers PEG Core Dendrimers Amine-Terminated PEG Core Dendrimers Phosporous Dendrimers Polyphenylene Dendrimers Dendrimers Containing Heteroatoms Amino Acid Dendrimers (poly-L-lysine and Polyarginine Dendrimers)Surface-Engineered Dendrimers Miscellaneous Dendrimers Conclusions Abbreviations REFERENCES Mcicromolecular Architecture and Molecular Modelling of Dendrimers Introduction Applications of Dendrimers Core-shell Patterns That Influence the Modular Reactivity of Dendrimers New Nanosynthetic Methods for Organic Chemists Classical to Dendrimer-Based Chemistry Computational Molecular Models Important Aspects of Molecular Modelling MD The Molecular Model Design Molecular Modelling of Dendrimers for Nanoscale Applications Conclusions REFERENCES Synthesis of Dendrimers Introduction Structure of Dendrimers Synthetic Approaches Divergent Approach Major Errors Occurring in Divergent Route Synthesis Due To the Following Reasons Click Chemistry in Divergent Route Synthesis of Dendrimers Convergent Approach Single-stage Convergent Synthesis Other Synthetic Approaches Combination of Divergent and Convergent Approaches (Accelerated Approaches)Hypercore or Double-Stage convergent method Hypermonomer Method or Branched Monomer Approach Double Exponential Growth Orthogonal Synthesis Application of Dendrimers in Drug Delivery Summary and Conclusion Abbreviations BIBLIOGRAPHY Functionalisation of Dendrimers Introduction Functionalisation of Dendrimers Various Types of Functionalisation Strategies Application of Functionalisation of Dendrimers To Improve Cellular Penetration Across the Biological Membranes To Decrease Toxicity of Dendrimers To Achieve Controlled Drug Release To Enhance Biodegradability of Dendrimers To Target Therapeutic Molecules to the Diseased Site To Со-Deliver Multiple Therapeutic Agents To Mimic the Biological System Conclusions Abbreviations REFERENCES Characterisation of Dendrimers: Methods and Tools Introduction Characterisation of Dendrimers Spectroscopic and Spectrometric Methods Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)Scattering Methods Microscopy Physical and Rheological Characterisation Miscellaneous Conclusions Abbreviations REFERENCES Dendrimer-Guest Interaction Chemistry and Mechanism Introduction Surface Charge of Dendrimers Dendrimer-Guest Interaction Chemistry Dendrimer-Drug Loaded Nanovehicles Dendrimer-Drug Conjugation Dendrimer-Aptamer Conjugation and Interaction Mechanism Dendrimer-Liposome Interaction Mechanism and Chemistry PEGylation (Dendrimer-PEG interaction)Dendrimer-Lipid Biological Membrane Interaction Domino Dendrimers as a Potential Platform for Bio-sensing Molecular Modelling (MM) of Dendrimers Conclusion and Future Perspectives Abbreviations REFERENCES Dendrimers in Gene Delivery Introduction Gene Delivery and Its Application Vectors for Gene Delivery Dendrimers as Gene Delivery Vectors Biological Properties of Dendrimers Types of Dendrimers Classification of Dendrimers Dendrimer-Mediated Gene Delivery Dendrimers as Cellular Transfection Agents Mode of Administration Conjugate Approach Advantages with Dendrimers Application of Dendrimers REFERENCES Dendrimers in Diagnostics Application Introduction Dendrimers Properties and Benefits of Dendrimers as a Diagnostic Agent Types of Diagnostics Based on Dendrimers Biomedical Applications of Dendrimers Dendrimer in Cancer Diagnosis Dendrimer-Based MRI Contrast Agents Dendrimers as Biosensors Dendrimers Along with Other Nanomaterials as a Diagnostic Tool Safety Aspects of Dendrimers Conclusions and Future Perspectives Abbreviations REFERENCES Dendrimer-Nanomaterial Conjugation: Concept, Chemistry and Applications Introduction Chemistry and Applications Conjugation with Peptides Conjugation with Hormones Conjugation with Antibodies Conjugation with Nucleic acids Conjugation with Ligand Molecules Conjugation with Imaging Agents Diversity in Applications Dendrimer Conjugation with Quantum Dots Dendrimer Conjugation with Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)Challenges Concluding Remarks and Future Perspective Abbreviations REFERENCES Smart Functionalised-Dendrimeric Medicine in Cancer Therapy Introduction Cancer: An Insight Dendrimers: A Versatile Nanocarrier Characterisation Techniques of Dendrimers Applications of Dendrimers Surface-Functionalised Dendrimers Supramolecular Architectures of Dendrimers in Cancer Therapy Dendrimer-Based Nanomedicines in Cancer Therapy Prostate Cancer Lung Cancer Ovarian Cancer Oral Cancer Breast Cancer Pancreatic Cancer Toxicological Profiling of Dendrimers in Cancer Treatment Conclusion Abbreviations REFERENCES Drug Delivery Potential of Dendrimeric Formulation Introduction Dendrimer-Based Drug Delivery System Dendrimer-Based Nanohybrid System Drug Delivery Application of Dendrimer-Based Formulation Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications of Dendrimer-Based Formulation Cancer Therapy Gene, Enzyme and Protein Carrier System Efficient Delivery of Drug to Brain Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)Boron Neutron Capture Remedy Diagnostic Application Theranostic Application Future Prospects Concluding Remarks Abbreviations REFERENCES Biomedical Applications of Dendrimers Introduction Dendrimers as Drug Carriers Dendrimers in Gene Delivery Dendrimers in Tissue Engineering Dendrimers in Diagnostics Other Applications Conclusion and Future Perspectives REFERENCES Biodistribution, Toxicity and Regulatory Considerations of Dendrimers Introduction Biodistribution of Dendrimers Particle Size Surface Charge and Surface Chemistry Hydrophobicity Particle Shape Toxicity of Dendrimers Surface Charge and Surface Chemistry Particle Size Regulatory Clinical Trials and Commercialisation Diagnostics and Theranostics Conclusion Abbreviations REFERENCES

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