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Managing Human and Social Systems

Section I APC: Anthropogenic Chemicals and Activities Food: Pesticide Contamination Introduction Before Registration After Registration Food Processing Trade Issues Analytical Methods for Pesticide Residues Future References Human Health: Consumer Concerns to Pesticides Introduction Pests and Pesticide Safety in Homes and Gardens Food Residues Towards Residue-Reduced Food Crops Introduction Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption Endocrine Disruption with Occupational Exposure in Women Endocrine Disruption with Occupational Exposure in Men Endocrine Disruption with In Utero Exposure Acknowledgment References Human Health: Pesticides Introduction Exposure to Pesticides Acute Effects: Pesticide Poisonings Chronic Effects: Cancer and Other Health Concerns Effects on Children Economic Costs and Conclusions References Nanoparticles Introduction Physical Chemistry of Nanoparticles Nanoparticles in Soil and Water Nanoparticles in the Atmosphere Nanoparticles in Sediments, Rocks, and the Deep Earth Nanoparticles beyond the Earth Nanoparticles and Life Conclusions References Bibliography Pharmaceuticals: Treatment Introduction Occurrence and Impacts of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Treatment of Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Systems Removal Efficiencies in Municipal WWTP Systems Removal Efficiencies in Drinking Water Treatment Systems Conclusion References Section II COV: Comparative Overviews of Important Topics for Environmental Management Buildings: Climate Change Introduction Likely Future Climate Change Implication of Climate Change on Buildings Contribution of Buildings to Human-Induced Climate Change Relationship between Climate Change and Buildings Potential Strategies for Building Design and Operation Building Envelope Internal Heat Sources Building Mechanical Services Recommendations on Implementation of Strategies Conclusion References Economic Growth: Slower by Design, Not Disaster Introduction A Brief History of Economic Growth Economists Question Growth Exploring Low and No Growth in Canada with LowGrow SFC Scenarios for the Canadian Economy Policy Directions for a Low-/No-Growth Economy Economic Growth and Employment Funding Public Services in a Low-/No-Growth Economy Conclusion Acknowledgments References Food–Energy–Water Nexus Introduction Defining the Food–Energy–Water Nexus Quantitative Analysis of the FEW Nexus Method and Model Selection The Criticism and Cautions for the Food–Energy–Water Nexus Conclusion References Geographic Information System (GIS): Land Use Planning Introduction GIS Use in Land Use Planning Activities Reliability of GIS-Based Analysis Results Conclusions References Industrial Networks The Importance of System Networks An Example of an Industrial Network The Benefits of Industrial Networks References Land Restoration Introduction Land as a Finite Resource Land Restoration Principles Case Study: Bauxite Mine Restoration Case Study: Restoration of Land Affected By Dryland Salinity Conclusions References Limits to Growth Introduction Environmental Limits Ethical Limits Socio-Economic Limits Flourishing within Limits Conclusion References Nuclear Energy: Economics Introduction Capital Costs for Nuclear and Coal-Fired Powerplants Nuclear and Coal-Fired Power Plant Overnight Costs Derivation of Total Project Costs Environmental Costs and Regulations Discount Rates Cost of the Alternative Results Conclusions Addendum—The Impact of the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster on the Cost of Nuclear Power Acknowledgments References Remote Sensing and GIS Integration Compatibility Issues between Remote Sensing and GIS Linking Remote Sensing and GIS References Solid Waste: Municipal Introduction Waste: A Historical Overview Waste Characteristics and Waste Quantities Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices Normative Principles in SWM Policy Drivers, Policy Regimes, and Modes of Governance in SWM Conclusions References Bibliography Sustainability and Planning Introduction History and Context Planning for Sustainability— A Conventional Perspective Has Planning for Sustainability Had Any Effect?Rethinking Planning for Sustainability Conclusion References Sustainable Development Introduction What Is Sustainable Development?History, Environmental Degradation, and National Security Energy Future How We Socially and Professionally Interact with Each Other Determines Our Degree of Success Creative, Cooperative, Design and Planning Teamwork Education Sustainability Reporting Renting vs. Buying (A Sustainability Innovation)Community Development to Decrease Energy Costs Overview of the Many Aspects of Sustainable Communities Infrastructure and Nature Energy Engineering for Developing Countries Conclusion References Urban Agriculture Introduction Types of Urban Farming Benefits of Urban Farming Challenges of Urban Farming Future Projections References Section III CSS: Case Studies of Environmental Management Cell Tower Procurement: Public School Placement Introduction Impact and Study of RF Hazards Voluntary Initiative Procurement and Contracting Ethics and Public Administration Areas for Further Research Conclusion References Community-Based Monitoring: Ngarenanyuki, Tanzania Introduction Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgments References Developing Countries: Pesticide Health Impacts Introduction Health Impacts Chronic Health Impacts Unknown Weak Surveillance for Hazards and Impact Weak Regulation and Enforcement Low Levels of Worker and Community Awareness Import/Export of Banned and Restricted Compounds Lack of Technical and Laboratory Capacity Pest Control Policies Conclusions References Insulation: Facilities Introduction Insulation Materials Floor Insulation Radiant Heat Barriers Conclusion Acknowledgments References Bibliography Section IV DIA: Diagnostic Tools: Monitoring, Ecological Environmental Accounting: A Tool for Supporting Environmental Management and Nature Conservation Environmental Management and Nature Conservation Environmental Accounting The Emergy Accounting Method Emergy Accounting and Marine Protected Areas Concluding Remarks References Remote Sensing: Pollution Introduction Remote Sensing Remote Sensing Applications Land Air Conclusion References Solid Waste Management: Life Cycle Assessment Introduction Life Cycle Assessment for Solid Waste Management Study Area and System Description Methodology Goal and Scope Definition Alternative Screening and Ranking Ranking Based on Traditional and LCA Criteria Together Final Remarks on the Importance of LCA Conclusions References Sustainable Development: Ecological Footprint in Accounting Introduction Fundamentals of EFA Mathematics of the Ecological Footprint Toward a Multi-Indicator Approach New Insight in Footprint Theory: Toward a Three-Dimensional Ecological Footprint Geography Applications of Ecological Footprint Weakness and Limitations of EFA Conclusion References Environmental Legislation: Asia Introduction Recent Development in International Law and Its Potential Consequences on National Legislations Development of Biodiversity Laws at National Level Challenges to Effective Implementation and Enforcement of Biodiversity Law Law on E-Waste Management Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste Challenges to Effective Implementation and Enforcement of E-Waste Management Law Law on Environmental Assessment Conclusion Acknowledgments References Bibliography Section V ELE: Focuses on the Use of Legislation or Policy to Address Environmental Problems Environmental Policy Introduction Multidisciplinary Approach to Developing Environmental Policy Impacts Burden of Proof Economic Framework Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)Policy Instruments Other Policy Issues Conclusions References Environmental Policy: Innovations Introduction Environmental Policy Innovations The Nature of EPIs: Conflict to Collaboration Resources, Needs, Politics, and Other Determinants Conclusion Acknowledgments References Food Quality Protection Act Tolerances The Risk Cup Endocrine Disruption Consumer Right-to-Know Potential Impacts of FQPA Bibliography Food: Cosmetic Standards Introduction References Laws and Regulations: Food Tolerance Limits for Pesticide Residues Tolerance Limits for Insect Fragments Responsibility of Food Manufacturers Potential Consumer Benefits Acknowledgments References Laws and Regulations: Pesticides Introduction History Available International Guidelines Implementation Problems Steps Undertaken Present Scenario and Probable Remedies Future Global Policy Appendix 1 Toxicological and Other Data Requirements for Pesticide Registration Bibliography Laws and Regulations: Rotterdam Convention Introduction History of PIC How the Convention Is Operated Building Capacity/Improving Regulations References Laws and Regulations: Soil Introduction Why Law for Soil?International Law and Soil National Soil Law Effectiveness of Soil Law IUCN Commission on Environmental Law Conclusions References LEED-EB: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Existing Buildings Introduction Introduction to LEED Overview of LEED-Eb O&M Minimum Program Requirements Prerequisites Implementation Process Benefits of Green Buildings Energy Efficiency Potential of Green Buildings Conclusion References LEED-NC: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction Introduction Concept of Green Buildings Rating Systems for Buildings LEED-NC Rating System LEED Prerequisites Categories and Criteria Assessing LEED-NC Conclusion References Nanomaterials: Regulation and Risk Assessment Introduction Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (Reach)EU Water Framework Directive Pharmaceutical Regulation Nanofood Regulation Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials Conclusion References Section VI ENT: Environmental Management Using Environmental Technologies Industrial Waste: Soil Pollution and Remediation Industrial Waste Overview Potential Use of Industrial Waste Conclusions References Pest Management: Crop Diversity Introduction Influence of Decoy and Trap Crops on Pests Influence of Weed and Border Diversity on Pests and Diseases Future Concerns References Pest Management: Intercropping Introduction Protection Mechanisms Acting in Intercropped Systems Intercropping in Practice Future Concerns References Precision Agriculture: Water and Nutrient Management Introduction Precision Agriculture Crop Yield and Water Use Landscape Crop Water Use Spatial Analysis of Crop Water Use Future of PA Conclusion References Section VII PRO: Basic Environmental Processes Green Processes and Projects: Systems Analysis Introduction Systems Approach in Environmental Management Best Practice Guidelines in Systems Analysis Handling Uncertainty in Systems Analysis Uncertainty Analysis versus Data Quality Characterization Case Study I—System Analysis of Biofuel-Based Electricity Generation Process Case Study II—System Analysis of a Project Integrating Green Initiatives Conclusion References Green Products: Production Introduction Principles of Green Chemistry Approaching Sustainability through Principles Advances in Green Chemistry to Produce Green Products Application of Green Chemistry in the Manufacturing Process Conclusion References

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