Smart Cyber Physical Systems: Advances, Challenges and Opportunities
Section 1: My First Journey into the World of Cyber Physical SystemsBuilding Cyber Physical Systems – Design Challenges, TechniquesOrganization of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesIntroductionPhysical and Logical Design of Cyber-Physical SystemsPhysical Design of a CPSComputation ProcessorNetwork ConnectivityAnalysis and ProcessingGeneric Block Diagram of a Cyber Physical SystemLogical Design and Protocols for the Implementation of a CPSG/4G/5G Mobile CommunicationNetwork/Internet LayerTransport LayerApplication LayerHypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)WebSocketMessage Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)Data Distribution Service (DDS)Advanced Messaging Queuing Protocol (AMQP)REST-based Communication Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)WebSocket-Based Communication APIsAdaptive Control in Cyber Physical SystemsSecurity and Privacy Issues in a Cyber Physical SystemDefinition – Security and PrivacySecurity and Privacy Issues in CPSSecurity Objectives in a CPSThreats Against Cyber Physical SystemsSecurity Challenges to CPSsSecurity SolutionsDesign Challenges and Opportunities of Cyber Physical SystemsOpportunities and Challenges in the Applications of CPSsOverview of CPS ApplicationsAgricultureMedicineIndustrial ManufacturingSmart GridTransportationEducationEnvironmental MonitoringSmart CitySimulation Languages/Tools Used for CPSsReferencesSWOT Analysis of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)Organization of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesSWOT Analysis of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)Strengths/Advantages of CPSInteroperability and NetworkingHuman-Machine InteractionDealing with CertaintyAccuracyContinuous LearningBetter System PerformanceScalabilityAutonomyFaster Response TimeWeaknesses/ChallengesPhysical ChallengesBridging the Cyber and Physical WorldsDefined Boundaries in the Developing WorldNetworking Stability in Predictable Complex SystemsBandwidthTechnical ChallengesSecurity ChallengesOpportunities in Cyber Physical SystemsSocial Impact of CPSEnvironmental Impact of CPSThreats in Cyber Physical SystemTaxonomy of ThreatsSources of ThreatTypes of AttackTargeted SectorsIntentionImpactNetwork ThreatsSocial Threats Due to Cyber Physical SystemsFuture Advances in Cyber Physical SystemsIndustry 4.0 – Future Smart IndustriesProactive HealthcareAssistedControlledRole of Data Integration and AnalyticsConclusionOnline SourcesElectronic JournalsSection 2: Smart Cyber Physical Systems – User CasesBuilding Cyber Physical Systems: Context: Wireless Sensor NetworksOrganization of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesIntroductionIntegration and MotivationNetwork Formation and ArchitectureTypes of ArchitectureISA–95 ArchitectureC ArchitectureC ArchitectureMedium Access Control (MAC)RoutingLocalizationSynchronizationSecurityMoving from WSN to CPSApplicationsChallengesDesign Drivers and Technical ChallengesCoverage and DeploymentMobilityEnergy EfficiencyData AggregationQuality of Service (QoS)Resource ManagementConclusionReferencesIntelligent Building and Environmental Controls for Futuristic Smart Cities Powered by Cyber Physical IntelligenceOrganization of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesIntroductionWater Management SystemsAmbience Management SystemsWaste Management SystemsEnergy Management SystemsSafety, Security and MaintenanceOpportunities and ChallengesConclusionReferencesSmart Agricultural – An Application of Cyber Physical SystemsOrganization of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesIntroduction to Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)Precision AgricultureNeed for Precision AgricultureTechnologies Used for Precision Farming, aka Smart AgricultureGlobal Positioning System (GPS) ReceiversRemote SensingCrop ScoutingGeographic Information System (GIS)Information ManagementIdentifying a Precision Agriculture Service ProviderContext of the WorkPlatforms for Realizing ContextNatural Language ProcessingApplication Service – AndroidNeural Network ModelCloud ServicePrototype ImplementationImplementation of Phase 1 and Phase 2 (Data Collection, Pre-Processing and CNN)The DatasetStep 1 – ConvolutionStep 2 – Using a Rectified Linear UnitStep 3 –Max PoolingStep 4 –FlatteningTraining the Model – Using Keras and VGGImplementation of Phase 3 (Natural Language Processing)Optical Character RecognitionSteps Involved in Creating OCRSpeech-To-Text ConversionSteps Involved in Creating Speech-to-TestImplementation of Phase 4 – Deploying the Model as a TensorFlow GraphTransformation to TensorFlowDeploying the Transformed ModelImplementation of Phase 5 – Integration of Cloud DatabaseRequired DependenciesAccessing Google ShiftsImplementation in AndroidObservationDiscussion and Future ScopeReferencesBuilding Cyber Physical Systems in the Context of Smart CitiesOrganisation of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesIntroductionFuel for Cyber Physical SystemsCPS as the Backbone of Smart CitiesInfrastructureData HandlingData CollectionData StorageData VisualizationData CleansingData IntegrationData InterpretationOpportunities from CPS in Building SmartCitiesPerformanceEconomicalScalableChallenges in Adapting CPS to Build SmartCitiesSecurityPhysical System DynamicsManagementConclusionBibliographyCyber Physical Systems for Disaster Response Networks: Conceptual Proposal using Never Ceasing NetworkOrganization of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesIntroductionResearch Background and ObjectivesCyber Physical SystemsNeed for a Disaster Response System and SchedulingPurposeSystem ArchitectureSystem Prototype DevelopmentToolsDisaster Response NetworksScheduling AlgorithmsPrecedence Scheduling AlgorithmComparative AnalysisConclusionReferencesRisk-Adjusted Digital Supply ChainsTerms and TerminologiesIntroductionSolution DesignPredicting the Impact of Risks, Using Dynamic SimulationAutoclassification of Root Cause and Proposal of Next-Best ActionChallenges and OpportunitiesWar Gaming for Cyber Physical SystemsTerms and TerminologiesThe OriginMilitary War GamingEducational War GamingCyber Physical System–War GamingVideo Games and War GamingVideo Games for TrainingGamificationThe Need for War Games in Cyber Physical SystemsCyber Physical System–War GamingWar Games: AdvantagesArchitectureSummaryReferencesBlockchain-Enabled Cyber Physical System – A Case Study: SmartGymOrganizationTerms and TerminologiesSmartGymBlockchain TechnologyHashing AlgorithmBlockchain ProtocolsProof of WorkProof of StakeAdvantages of BlockchainPlatforms for BlockchainComparisons of Blockchain PlatformsProtecting CPS with Decentralized BlockchainGym EcosystemBlockchain ImplementationLayered Architecture for Blockchain-Enabled SmartGymConclusion – Making Smart Gyms SmarterBibliographySection 3: Advances, Challenges and Opportunities in Cyber Physical Intelligence Context-Aware Computing for CPSOrganization of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesIntroductionContext-Aware ComputingGeneric Sensor APISemantic Sensor Network OntologyHealthcare Cyber Physical System (HCPS)System Architecture for Context-Aware HCPS (CA-HCPS)Open Challenges and Opportunities in CA-HCPS ReferencesIntelligent Social Networking in CPSOrganization of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesIntroductionNeed for CPSCharacteristics of CPSPhysical System as the Principal ComponentIntegration with Information SystemHomogenization of Heterogeneous SystemsRobustness and SecurityIntroduction to Cyber Physical Social Systems (CPSS)Applications of CPSSChallenges and Opportunities in CPSSSocial Internet of Things (SIoT)Community DetectionNeed for Communities to be DetectedSmart CommunitiesLink PredictionMetrics Used for Predicting LinksConclusionReferencesManufacturing in the Future as a Cyber Physical System – An Overview of Technology to Address Challenges to Scale in Engineer−Secure−Run Organization of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesIntroductionChallenges in Engineering Cyber Physical Systems Challenges to Software Engineering Scale of EngineeringAgility and Adaptability to New Technological AdvancesSelf-Organization Through Learning from History and CollaborationSecurity of Cyber Physical Production Systems (CPPS)Threats and Attacks on CPPSOpportunities in Securing Cyber Physical SystemsSecurity Measures, Methodologies and StandardsOpportunities for Intelligent Operations and AutomationNext-Generation Solution ApproachesA Conceptual Architecture for Next-Generation SolutionsEngineering PlatformsDomain-Specific Engineering Platform ArchitectureDomain Knowledge RepositoriesDomain-Specific Languages: Raising Engineering Specifications to the Level of KnowledgeModel-Driven Engineering: Automated Generation of Life Cycle ArtefactsContinuous Monitoring and Digital TwinsConclusionReferencesSection 4: Advances, Challenges and Opportunities in Cyber Physical Systems SecurityCyber Physical Systems Threat LandscapeOrganization of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesIntroductionKey Security Trends and CPS Threat LandscapeSupply Chain Security ChallengesCPS Technology and Solution Architecture and Associated Security ChallengesCPS Environment and Ecosystem ChallengesOpportunities and Key Solutions for Securing Cyber Physical SystemsSecuring the CPS Components and SolutionsSecure Development Methodology for Hardware and Software Powering the CPSSecure by Default and Advanced Physical Security FeaturesCPS Secure OperationsEmerging Technologies and Opportunities for Securing Cyber Physical SystemsQuantum Computing Safe CPS designBlockchain for Supply Chain and Identity ManagementAdvanced Security Hardware AcceleratorsAdvanced Security Analytics for Cyber Physical SystemsIndustry-Specific Reference Threat Models and Threat IntelligenceConverged Edge ComputingConclusionsLinks containing additional information on key topics covered in this chapterProactive UDDI for Cyber Physical SystemsOrganization of the ChapterTerms and TerminologiesIntroductionRole of SOA in Health Information SystemCurrent Trends in Web ServicesProactive UDDI for Cyber Physical SystemAlgorithmWorking of pUDDISystem ValidationConclusionReferences
