Water Management in China’s Power Sector
Engineering backgroundOverview of operational water use at coal power plantsAmbient and river water temperatureAlternative energy sources for electricityHydropowerNatural gas electric power plantsConcentrated solar power (CSP) plantsReferencesWater use in coal power plants’ upstream fuel cycleDevelopment of China’s coal industryWater use in coal power plants’ upstream fuel cycleReferencesWater use in China’s coal power plantsChina’s electricity gridsCurrent water use by China’s coal power plantsHistorical water use by China’s coal power plantsDrivers of water use increase in China’s coal power plantsEffects of population and power production per capitaEffects of energy’ transformationEffects of cooling technology changeFuture scenarios of water use by China’s coal power plantsReferencesWater shortage risks for China’s coal power plantsCurrent spatiotemporal distribution of water resources in ChinaSeasonal pattern of China’s electricity demandsCurrent water shortage risks for China’s coal power plantsClimate change’s impacts on China’s water resourcesFuture water shortage risks for China’s coal power plantsReferencesWater impacts of electricity transmissions in ChinaMismatched electricity consumption and production in ChinaWater impacts of electricity transmission in China in 2014Water impacts of the 12 proposed electricity transmission linesAccounting for both volumetric water and scarce waterElectricity transmissions’ impacts on local water resourcesDrivers of water consumption for electricity transmissionReferencesWater constraints on alternative energy sourcesClimate change impacts on global hydropower potentialsHydropower production in ChinaProjected impact of climate change on hydropower production in ChinaWater constraints on concentrated solar powerNuclear power plantsReferencesPolicy interactions between water and electricity sectors in ChinaEnergy policies aimed at improving water management at coal power plantsEnergy policies that generate co-benefits of or tradeoffs with water savingsWater sector policies also have impacts on coal power plantsReferencesOpportunities for and obstacles to institutional changeOverview of Chinese political system and water-energy administrationsObstacles for paradigm shift in improving water management in the coal power sectorOpportunities for improving water management in the coal power sectorReferences
