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History, Trauma and Shame: Engaging the Past through Second Generation Dialogue

The backdrop of multidirectional memories Forgiveness, empathic repair in dialogue encounters Outline of the book Notes References I Empathic repair in the aftermath of mass violence and trauma: Is it possible to repair the past?Intergenerational transmission of trauma Dialogue and the afterlives of victims, perpetrators Giving testimony, victims reclaiming agency Towards repair of the past Conclusion Notes References The power of fear and shame: From hiding place to public space Family history background Multilayered trauma and the legacy of shame Acknowledgement as prerequisite for transformation Breaking the family taboo From mourning to integration Pathways to inner freedom Acknowledgements Notes References Beyond inherited guilt: Reclaiming the self Biographical background The difficult approach to my perpetrator parents Processes in PAKH Lost in the thicket of destructive introjects The guilt trap—projective identification Moving from guilt (feelings) to shame Separating the self from internalised malignant images of the parents Struggling for integration and empathy Epilogue Notes References Moving from broken human bonds to compassionate dialogue: Transgenerational restoration of interpersonal solidarity Ruined by the Holocaust The legacy of the Holocaust Biographical background The Holocaust experience of my parents: the ghost in my soul PAKH—Platform for difficult dialogue The ghosts of the past Stirring up ghosts—encounter with the daughter of a perpetrator The ghost of destruction: the struggle for Lebensraum The ghost of the evil Nazi—can he be loved as a “good father”?The ghost of victimisation—guilt remains guilt. Basta!The process of transformation: driving out ghosts or striving for reconciliation?The path to compassionate dialogue: “turning points”The power of restoration—love and humaneness Notes References From broken identities to repair: A German-Jewish dialogue Preamble—the legacy of broken German identity Act One: Rifts in the family—family background Act Two: Remembering, understanding, acknowledging—the path to PAKH Act Three: Broken identities or “the failure of dialogue”Act Four: Successful dialogues in the German-Jewish and Jewish-Jewish confrontation in PAKH Act Five: The effect of broken identity on German-German dialogue Epilogue Notes References Group phenomena in working through the past Autobiographical notes Psychoanalytic group theories The role of the group in the transformation process Meeting survivors as a German Aly encounter with Alex Alex and Robert Alex and the group Approaching the “death zone”: dialogue between descendants of survivors and perpetrators/bystanders Going public: a challenge for the group “Perpetrator”-“Victim”—entanglements in the large group of PAKH Example I: Latent victim competition Example 2: A "‘disreputable’’ love-split loyalties to perpetrator-parents Example 3: The demand for absolute solidarity—strong loyalties to victimised parents Example 4: Overcoming the power of collective identity Summarising interpretation of the group process against the backdrop of the contextual German society Findings and conclusions A process of transformation Acknowledgments Notes References Epilogue Daring to empathise Obstacles and opportunities Master narratives Loyalty and courage Delegations and obligations Cross-cultural fertilisation Notes References Appendix A: Submitted to the president of the Protestant (Lutheran) Church of Wuerttemberg, Theophil Wurm, in May 1933 by Pastors Rudolf Daur, Fritz Pfafflin jun., and Hermann Umfrid

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