Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks

Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks Managing Environmental Risks and Promoting Sustainability, Scientific Advancement, and Leadership Development Introduction: Environmental Risks and Their Implications for Future Sustainability Environmental Risks, Their Characteristics, and Sustainability Implications Developing Expertise and Skills for Future Environmental Leaders Leadership Programme in Sustainable Living with Environmental Risk Interactive Multimedia Education System (iMES) (Arisawa and Sato in This Book)Intensive Course Madagascar Joint Field Study Credit Exchange Agreement with UNU Other Elective Courses and Supporting Programs Achievements and Future Challenges Curriculum Development Institutional Set-up Institutionalizing Collaborative Educational Activities iMES Joint Research I Sustainable Primary Production for Human Well-Being Biodiversity Agriculture Supports Human Populations Introduction Green Revolution and Organic Farming Biodiversity, Ecological Functioning, and Ecosystem Services Soil Sustainability Soil Biodiversity and Its Functioning Conclusion Conservation and Sustainable Management of Soil Biodiversity for Agricultural Productivity Introduction Soil Biodiversity and Its Importance to Agriculture Loss of Soil Biodiversity Management and Conservation of Soil Biodiversity: A Case Study in Kenya Conclusion Conservation Tillage Assessment for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emission in Rainfed Agro-Ecosystems Introduction Soil, Carbon Dioxide Emission, and Conservation Tillage Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emission Carbon Dioxide Emission at the Long-Term Plot Cumulative CO2 Emission at the Long-Term Plot Carbon Dioxide Emission Assessment in Farmers' Fields Enhancing Carbon Sequestration Soil Carbon Storage Carbon Sequestration of Corn Crops Conclusions and Policy Implication Improving Biodiversity in Rice Paddy Fields to Promote Land Sustainability Introduction Indonesian Experiences: Effects on Soil and Water Biodiversity of Shifting from Conventional to Organic Farming in Paddy Fields Effects on Water Organisms in Paddy Fields Effects on Soil Microorganisms in Paddy Fields Strategies to Improve Biodiversity in Rice Paddy Fields Application of Organic Matter and Biofertilizers Crop Rotation Conclusions Agroforestry Models for Promoting Effective Risk Management and Building Sustainable Communities Introduction Agroforestry Adoption, Innovations, and Smallholder Farmers' Motivations in Claveria, Misamis Oriental Description of the Study Site Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Household Survey Drivers of Land Degradation in Claveria Introduction and Adoption of Tree-Based Systems in Claveria Innovative Agroforestry Practices in Claveria Farmers' Motivations for Planting Trees Tree Growth, Crop Productivity, and Water Water Dynamics in Agroforestry Systems Growth Performance of Trees and Maize Enhancing the Food Security of Upland Farming Households Through Agroforestry in Claveria, Misamis Oriental, Philippines Agroforestry and Improved Access to Food Increasing Food Access Through Augmentation of Income Predicting the Long-Term Productivity, Economic Feasibility, and Sustainability of the Smallholder Hedgerow Agroforestry System Using Bioeconomic Modeling Using WaNuLCAS Water Balance Soil Loss Crop Yield and Biomass Private Benefits of the Two Land Use Systems Conclusion Managing Environmental Risks and Promoting Sustainability: Conservation of Forest Resources in Madagascar Introduction Theoretical Explanation Case Study Context Poor Governance and Inequality in Income Distribution More Income, Less Logging Key Issues and Recommendations Community-Based Mangrove Forest Management in Thailand: Key Lesson Learned for Environmental Risk Management CBNRM and Sustainability: Theoretical Background Pred Nai Community-Based Mangrove Forest Management Discussion Conclusion II Ecosystems, Food Security, and Disaster Necessity of Adaptive Risk Management for Fisheries and Wildlife Is It Really Good for Fisheries to Reduce the Fish Population by Half?Comparison Between Conventional Management Methods and Adaptive Management Considering Uncertainty Do Not Make a Single Prediction (Japanese Deer Protection Management Plan)Investigation for Only One Year Is Not Enough Explanation of Formulae Conclusion Valuation of Non-Marketed Agricultural Ecosystem Services, and Food Security in Southeast Asia Food Security Issues in Southeast Asia Need for Valuing Non-Marketed Ecosystem Services Issues of Valuation and Payment for Non-Marketed Ecosystem Services Revealed Preferences (Conventional and Surrogate Markets)Stated Preferences (Hypothetical Preferences)Conclusion Emerging Socio-Economic and Environmental Issues Affecting Food Security: A Case Study of Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed Conceptual Framework Study Site Results and Discussion Socio-Demographic Characteristics Labor Resources Household Financial Status Land-Based Productive Resources Emerging Issues Conclusion Strengthening the Capacity of Flood-Affected Rural Communities in Padang Terap, State of Kedah, Malaysia Introduction Theoretical Framework Case Study Study Area Needs Analysis Capacity Building Activities Future Research and Recommendations Mitigating Coastal Erosion in Fort Dauphin, Madagascar Introduction Climate Geology Methodology Data Processing Results and Discussion Impacts and Causes of Coastal Erosion Solutions Marine Erosion Subaerial Erosion Wind Erosion Conclusion III Degradation of Environment and Mitigation Risk Management of Chemical Pollution: Principles from the Japanese Experience Introduction How Pollution Loads Were Reduced Air Pollution in Yokkaichi Petrochemical Complex Preventing Water Pollution in the Pulp and Paper Industry Environmental Standards for Toxic Chemical Substances Case of Administrative Guidance Relating to Toxic Chemicals Conclusion: Lessons from the Japanese Experience Research on the Correlation Between Chlorophyll-a and Organic Matter BOD, COD, Phosphorus, and Total Nitrogen in Stagnant Lake Basins Introduction Subjects of Study Chlorophyll BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand Phosphorus Nitrogen Research Methodology Determination of Chlorophyll Determination of BOD5 Determination of COD Determination of Phosphate Results Correlation Between Chl-a and COD Correlation Between Chl-a and BOD Correlation Between Chl-a and Phosphate and Total Nitrogen Conclusion Research Orientation Managing Construction Development Risks to the Environment Introduction Environmental Risks of Construction Risk of Land Degradation Risk to Flora and Fauna Risk of Water Pollution Risk of Air Pollution Risk from Noise and Vibration How to Determine Risks How to Manage Construction Risks Case Studies Case Study 1 Project: Construction of High-Rise Apartment Buildings at Bukit Gambier, Penang Case Study 2 Project: Construction of High-Rise Housing at Bayan Lepas, Penang Case Study 3 Project: Development of Marina and Jetty Infrastructure at Church Street Pier, Pengkalan Weld, Penang Case Study 4 Project: Demolition of Part of an Existing Building Structure and Renovation of a Hotel in Batu Ferringhi, Penang Case Study 5 Survey Research on Risks Related to Construction Conclusion Ecosystem Restoration Using the Near-Natural Method in Shanghai Introduction Theoretical Basis for Near-Natural Restoration The Near-Natural Method of Afforestation The Near-Natural Method of River Construction Near-Natural Forest Creation Monitoring: Stand Dynamics and Eco-Benefits Monitoring Results Assessment of Near-Natural Forest Experiment and Proposal for Improvement Near-Natural River Construction Monitoring: Water Quality and Biocoenosis Monitoring Results Assessment of Near-Natural River Construction Concluding Remarks Sustainable Management of Urban Green Environments: Challenges and Opportunities Introduction Challenges in Achieving Sustainable Green Urban Environments Waste Management Air Pollution Infrastructure Opportunities for Sustainable Green Urban Areas Carbon Assimilation Disaster Prevention and Reduction Beautification Nutrition (Fruits)Case Study: Opportunities in Urban Environments Restoration of an Urban Green Environment Seedling Performance Conclusion IV Policy, Institutuinal and Capacity Development, Education and IME System Participatory Sustainability Research for Risk Management and Leadership Development Introduction: Environment and Social Capacity Assessment for Effective Environmental Risk and Sustainable Resource Management Genesis and Evolution of Participatory Sustainability Science Achievements and Challenges in Applying Participatory Sustainability Research: Field Study in Madagascar Lessons Learned and Ways Forward to Improve Rural Landscape Conservation in Japan: Lessons from the Satoyama Conservation Program in Kanagawa Prefecture Crisis of Satoyama Landscapes in Japan Citizens' Actions for Satoyama Conservation Governmental Policies for Satoyama Conservation Satoyama Conservation in Kanagawa Prefecture The Way Forward Concluding Remarks Enhancing Students' Ecological Thinking to Improve Understanding of Environmental Risk Introduction Ecological Thinking Case Study Conclusion Development of Interactive Multimedia Education System (IMES) as an International Education Platform Introduction Key Technical Elements of IMES Basic Video Transmission Presentation Material Sharing System Screen/Pointer Action Sharing System Offline Features Including Recording and Editing Conclusion and Topics for Future Discussion