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The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Activism

Four paradigms of translational activism What makes a translation activist?overviews Note References I: Theorising translation and activism Theory, practice, activism: Gramsci as a translation theorist Introduction: Gramsci and the question of language Concepts of translation (and activism) in Gramsci Translation between languages Translation between paradigms Translation between theory and action The concept of historical bloc and activism Translating Gramsci—a comparative view Italian: Gramsci liberated English: Gramsci's plural voice Polish: Gramsci, the dead classic Progressive activism in Poland—why we are losing and can Gramsci help?From translation theory to activist practice: personal reflection and conclusions Related topics Further reading References Activist translation, alliances, and performativity Translating Judith Butler's Notes Toward a Performative Theory of Assembly into Italian Introduction The translation into Italian of Butler's Notes Toward a Performative Theory of Assembly Activist translation and performativity Activist translation, solidarity, and alliances Conclusion Related topics Notes Further reading References Thought/translation Farhadpour, prismatically translated: philosophical prose and the activist agenda Morad Farhadpour: a biographical sketch Thought/translation Related topics Notes Further reading Select bibliography Translating Marx in Japan: Yoshimoto Taka’aki and Japanese Marxism Origins of modern Japan and translating Karl Marx Post-war Japanese Marxism, Yoshimoto Taka'aki's reading of Marx, and the New Left Contemporary times and Marx Notes Related topics Notes Further reading References II: The interpreter as activist Okyeame poma: exploring the multimodality of translation in precolonial African contexts Okyeame Okyeame poma Multimodal translation A semiotic theory of translation Indexicality Conclusion Related topics Notes Further reading References Translator, native informant, fixer: activism and translation in Mandate Palestine Introduction The translator's many roles The ethnographer as translator The literary translator as activist Teacher as translator/teaching as translation Conclusion Related topics Further reading References Translation in the war-zone: the Gaza Strip as case study Historical overview Writing about the Strip Who is allowed into the Strip?'The language we spoke, not the one we understood'Culture and politics matter too Who is responsible?Related topics Notes Further reading References III: The translator as activist Translating mourning walls: Aleppo’s last words Introduction The act of spraying Murals, graffiti, bahh, hitan The English news Thick translation and its demands Walls, arts and memory More than one possibility Thick translation and Barthes Linguistic message Visual signs Connotative visual signs The literal message of the poem (Qabbani's original: the 'internal' context)Aleppo: the external context Conclusion Related topics Note Further reading References Resistance, activism and marronage in Paul Bowles’s translations of the oral stories of Tangier Introduction Paul Bowles and his translations: an overview Bowles's resistant translation strategies Translation: marronage, emancipation Conclusion Related topics Further reading References Translators as organic intellectuals: translational activism in pre-revolutionary Iran Introduction A brief historical survey of different modes of activist translation in pre-1953 Iran Politics, power, and committed literature in Iran, 1930s-l979 Translators as organic intellectuals Franklin Book Programs Mahmoud Etemadzadeh (Behazin)Related topics Note Further reading References Translating for Le Monde diplomatique en español: disciplinary norms and activist agendas Introduction Le Monde diplomatique: overview of an activist periodical Consolidation and internationalisation of LMd's activism The foreign editions of LMd The translators of the Hispanic Latin American Monde diplomatiques: activist agendas versus disciplinary norms Political exiles as translators Professional and amateur translators Conclusion Related topics Further reading References IV: Bearing witness Written on the heart, in broken English Writing as hospitality: translating the fragment in Arabic and English Theorising the fragment The Arabic fragment: al-shaqTqa Hosting in the fragment?The re-inscribed and/or translated fragment in my work First space Second space Conclusion or beginnings Related topics Note Further reading References Joint authorship and preface-writing practices as translation in post- ‘Years of Lead’ Morocco The Years of Lead, joint authorship and prefatorial practices in post-1999 Morocco Co-authorship and preface writing as activist translations Co-authorship as translation: from embodied experience to text Preface writing as retranslation of testimony and as co-witnessing Conclusion Related topics Notes Further reading References Activist narratives: Latin American testimonies in translation Introduction Testimonial texts Argentina's 'dirty war [guerra sudd]'Guatemala: Rigoberta Menchú Latin American popular song as testimony judith Reyes: song, testimony and activism Ali Primera: song, activism and political change Conclusion Related topics Further reading References V: Translation and human rights The right not to have an interpreter in criminal trials: the Irish language as a case study Introduction History of the Irish language The legal status of the Irish language The right to an interpreter under international law and Irish law Interpretation in Irish courts Claiming the right not to have an interpreter Conclusion Related topics Further reading References The right to understand and to be understood: urban activism and US migrants’ access to interpreters Introduction The US immigration system Limited English populations and the Department of justice Activism and local impact Local Offices of Immigrant and Refugee Affairs Government and detention centres Inadequate access to language access The role of the interpreter Government challenges Community-led solutions Legal defence funds Language access programmes Case study: New York City Paths forward for translational activism Related topics Further reading References Feminism in translation: reframing human rights law through transnational Islamic feminist networks Introduction Gender, culture, and the discourse of rights A woman-centred approach Vernacularisation: translating the language of human rights law Transnational Islamic feminist networks Women Living Under Muslim Laws Sisterhood Is Global Institute and the Claiming Our Rights manual Conclusion Related topics Notes Further reading References VI: Translating the vernacular Against a single African literary translation theory Introduction: limiting the infinite in African translation Knowledge production and translation The politics of translating inter-African languages Translating three ways—Kiswahili into Gikuyu and English into Gikuyu and Kiswahili into English The task of the African translator Related topics Notes Further reading References The single most translated short story in the history of African writing: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and the Jalada writers’ collective The story Jalada The translation issue The illusion of a unifying language Practical vision Creating digital networks for translation One story, many paths The future is multilingual Related topics Notes Further reading References The dialectics of dissent in postcolonial India: Vrishchik (1969–1973)Introduction Situating Vrishchik: historical precedents and context Multilingualism, hybridity and cultural difference: translations of vernacular literatures in Vrishchik Translational approaches to India's 'moment' of modernism Decentring the nation: confronting institutional boundaries Visibility as protest: translating non-canonical narratives Translation across mediums: interdiscplinary approaches to visuals and words Related topics Note Further reading References Bengali Dalit discourse as translational activism: studying a Dalit autobiography Introduction Activism against the hegemonic mainstream From a literary journey to a socio-political journey Translation as translaboration: collaboration of the author and the translator Conclusion Related topics Notes Further reading References VII: Translation, migration, refugees What is asylum? Translation, trauma, and institutional visibility Citation and recitation: linguistic legacies and the politics of translation in the Sahrawi refugee context Introduction A history of the Western Sahara Citation, recitation, and the politics of 'knowing' the Sahrawi refugee situation Nasârâ: bright bonds and blurred boundaries Veiling and 'veiling' the milhafa Conclusion Related topics Note Further reading References Resistant recipes: food, gender and translation in migrant and refugee narratives Introduction: food and migration Food as a site of paradox Towards a feminist food translation framework Resistant recipes Conclusion: beyond 'suppliers of stories'Related topics Further reading References VIII: Translation and revolution Late-Qing translation (1840–1911) and the political activism of Chinese evolutionism Late-Qing translation in three phases -1860: knowing the global world for military defence -1894: the study of European languages and knowledge in reformist agenda -1911 : search for European knowledge and thought Translation and transformation of European thought in post-1894 political discourse Yan Fu: the identity and task of the translator in political enlightenment and action Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao: the task of translation in constitutionalist reform Sun Yat-sen: European thought and Chinese revolutionary discourse Chinese evolutionism as a case study of 'political mobilisation' in post-1894 translation Yan Fu's nationalist translation of evolutionism Evolutionism and women's rights in the agenda of reform Racial classification in Zou Rong's revolutionary manifesto The 'agency' and 'potentiality' of the Chinese language in post-1894 translation Related topics Further reading References ‘The pen is mightier than the sword’: exploring the ‘warrior’ Lu Xun from 1903 to 1936 Introduction Lu Xun as an activist translator and revolutionary Translation as resistance -1917: Conflict, aggression, short stories/novels, social change, reform -1926: New Culture Movement, antifeudalism, enlightenment, revolution -1936: Civil war, Marxism, proletarian literature 'Hard translation' as activism and revolution Translators as revolutionary activists Conclusion Related topics Notes Further reading References The political modes of translation in Iran: national words, right sentences, class paragraphs Between nothing and no comment A dichronism since 1979 The political and the translational National words Right sentences Class paragraphs Dichronism in the 2000s: towards a resolution Related topics Note Further reading References Civil resistance through online activist translation in Taiwan’s Sunflower Student Movement Introduction The Sunflower Student Movement: overview Collectives and individuals in Taiwan activist translation Activist translation with volunteer translation communities in Europe Activist translation in other place-based protest movements Activist translations during the Sunflower Student Movement—a case of postings on pre-2015 CNN iReport Feature 1: mixture of different genres of source texts and use of translation to support one's opinion Feature 2: more than one translation of the same source text Feature 3: different modes of translation of the same source text Feature 4: one translation reviewed and revised online by different internet users Feature 5: waiving authorship or copyright The sociology of activist translation in the Sunflower Student Movement Related topics Notes Further reading References Afterword: postcolonialism, activism, and translation Anticolonialism and activism Postcolonialism and activism References

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