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The Temple of Venus and Rome and Santa Francesca Romana at the Roman Forum: Preservation and Transfo

The First Architecture: From the Velia to the Vestibule of the Golden House of Nero The Primitive Landscape: The Roman Forum and the Velia hill The First Settlements in the Roman Forum The Etruscan Mark The Velia From Republican to Imperial Rome Augustus and the Giulio Claudia Dynasty Nero’s Urban Project: From the Domus Transitoria to the Domus Aurea The Place Transformed: The Temple of Venus and Rome of Hadrian Flavian Architecture Hellenism, Mithraism and the Eleusinian Mysteries Hadrian, Architect of the Urbs: Conservation and Innovation of the Classical Temple The Temple of Venus and Rome The Fortune of the Temple After Hadrian: The Antonines and Maxentius’s Intervention After the Fire of ad 283 Decadence, Destruction and Recovery of the Place: The Churches of Ss. Peter and Paul and S. Maria Nova and Alexander III From Pagan to Christian The Constantinian Basilicas Byzantine Rome, Rome in Ruins Honorius I and the Expolio of the Temple of Venus and Rome The Church of Ss. Peter and Paul Santa Maria Nova From Ninth to Fourteenth Centuries The Frangipane Rocca Cultural Renaissance: The Work of Alexander III and the ‘International Style’The Gothic Intervention of Honorius III Civitas and Delimitation of Space: The First Monastery Architectural Preservation and Transformation, Patronage and Innovation: The Olivetan Benedictine Monks, Carlo Lambardi and Gianlorenzo Bernini The Olivetans in Santa Maria Nova and the Regeneration of the Place Santa Francesca Romana and S. Maria Nova The First Renaissance in Rome and the Tridentine Reforms in Santa Maria Nova The Canonization of S. Francesca Romana and the Transformation of the Church (1612–14)The New Urban Dimension of the Church: The Facade of S. Francesca Romana (1614–15)Bernini’s Confessione The Monastery and “L’universale ristabilimento” of the Middle of the Eighteenth Century The New Conservation Ideology: Giuseppe Valadier and Giuseppe Camporese The End of the Seventeenth Century: A New Architectural Awareness The Changes at the End of the Roman Settecento: Archaeology, Conservation and the Taste for the Ancient Napoleonic Rome: Looting, Count of Tournon’s Program and the Archaeological Park Demolition and Reintegration of the Monastery of Santa Maria Nova The Arch of Titus . . . or the Arch of Pius?The Love for the Ruins and The Grand Tour Architectural Conservation in the Second Half of the Nineteenth-Century: Restoration Versus Conservation The Transformations for Roma Capitale and the Monumental Complex at the End of the Nineteenth Century The First Vienna School, Alois Riegl and the Kunstwollen Conservation and Architectural Project: Giacomo Boni as Pioneer of the ‘Critical Conservation’Giacomo Boni: ‘The Method’, Instruments and Education Boni, Ruskin, Webb and SPAB The Innovation in the Conservation of the Cloister of the Monastery of Santa Maria Nova: From ‘com’era, dov’era’ to Scientific ‘Stratigraphic Architectural Conservation Design’Giovannoni and Mussolini: Romanità and Modernity The Via dell’Impero and the Destruction of the Velia The Restoration of the Temple of Venus and Rome and the Athens and Italian Conservation Charters Theory of Conservation: Cesare Brandi on Painting, Sculpture and . . . Architecture?Boni, Cirilli, Scarpa, Brandi and Venturi The Roman School of Conservation, the ‘Critical Conservation’Rebuilding the Velia: Reflections on Architectural and Urban Conservation in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century Old and New: The Contemporary Discourse The Continuous Architecture The Skilful Conservation of the Architectural Idea The Conservation Project as Preservation and Transformation of Pre-existences Conclusion List of Abbreviations

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The Place Transformed: The Temple of Venus and Rome of Hadrian
Flavian Architecture After Nero’s death, the Flavian dynasty restructured the Velia area. Their buildings were of great quality, especially those of Vespasian (69-79) and Domitian (81-96); Titus’s empire (79-81) was too short and difficult. During the stormy events in Rome during the brief...
(The Temple of Venus and Rome and Santa Francesca Romana at the Roman Forum: Preservation and Transformation)
The Temple of Venus and Rome
The Velia had important symbolic and urban values for Hadrian. It connected the parts of the old and new city, establishing an axis with the Capitoline Hill in the same way that happened in Athens between the temple of Olympian Zeus—as mentioned before, restored by Hadrian— and the Acropolis. However,...
(The Temple of Venus and Rome and Santa Francesca Romana at the Roman Forum: Preservation and Transformation)
Honorius I and the Expolio of the Temple of Venus and Rome
The deterioration of the Temple of Venus and Rome began as a result of Gratian’s decree in 382 confiscating all the properties of pagan worship. But the real damage to the monument starts when Pope Honorius I, with faculty and donation of Emperor Heraclius, removed (between 626 and 629) its gilded...
(The Temple of Venus and Rome and Santa Francesca Romana at the Roman Forum: Preservation and Transformation)
The Restoration of the Temple of Venus and Rome and the Athens and Italian Conservation Charters
The opening of the Via dell’Impero greatly affected the monumental complex of the Temple of Venus and Rome—Santa Francesca Romana. The complex appears now in an elevated position and what had been until then the rear facade of the monastery, is now an open facade towards the new road: the...
(The Temple of Venus and Rome and Santa Francesca Romana at the Roman Forum: Preservation and Transformation)
Santa Francesca Romana and S. Maria Nova
The life of Francesca Romana, a Roman noblewoman who went to create the Order of the Oblates of Tor de’ Specchi, is closely linked to the church of S. Maria Nova. Thanks to this association we have more U U U U LI I Figure 4.1 Plan of the church of Santa Francesca Romana with the layout of the...
(The Temple of Venus and Rome and Santa Francesca Romana at the Roman Forum: Preservation and Transformation)
Venus’ mirror: reflections of gender and sexuality in the Roman Empire
Introduction: gender and sex on display Un-Roman Sex is intended to contest the current state of scholarship on Roman gender and sexuality, as well as to promote an agenda that increases the visibility and impact of evidence from the Roman provinces and frontiers by utilising material culture...
(Un-Roman Sex: Gender, Sexuality, and Lovemaking in the Roman Provinces and Frontiers)
The First Renaissance in Rome and the Tridentine Reforms in Santa Maria Nova
The arrival of the Olivetans brought architectural and constructive innovations to Rome, in particular the cloister, which can be considered one of the first gestures of the Renaissance in Rome (Figure 4.3). They added around 1375 a level to the previous cloister, from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries,...
(The Temple of Venus and Rome and Santa Francesca Romana at the Roman Forum: Preservation and Transformation)
WOMEN PHILOSOPHERS IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME
Why aren't there any women philosophers from ancient Greece and Rome who became well known? The history of Western philosophy has been dominated by men for several reasons: 1) until the twentieth century, few women were systematically educated in ways that enabled the practice of philosophy; 2)...
(The handy philosophy answer book)
Why aren't there any women philosophers from ancient Greece and Rome who became well known?
The history of Western philosophy has been dominated by men for several reasons: 1) until the twentieth century, few women were systematically educated in ways that enabled the practice of philosophy; 2) women's family and social roles did not afford them the leisure to practice philosophy; and 3) male...
(The handy philosophy answer book)
What are the Santa Ana winds?
When a high pressure system forms over the Great Basin—usually during the fall— it pushes air masses downwards, causing compression that results in winds in California that elevate temperatures upwards of 100°F (38°C). These winds can reach speeds well over 75 miles (120 kilometers) per hour in...
(The handy weather answer book)