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Structures Around Tooth

There are some structures around the tooth. Periodontal ligament is the supporting structure of a tooth. It is made up of thousands of fibres which help to attach the tooth to surrounding tissues and to allow sensations of touch and pressure. Oral Mucosa is the moist tissue that lines the mouth. Gingivae is the soft tissue that immediately surrounds the teeth and bone, which protects the bone and the roots of the teeth and provides an easily lubricated surface. Alveolar bone is the bone of the jaw which provides a socket to surround and supports the roots of the teeth. In orthodontics, a tooth can be moved through the alveolar bone when an appropriate orthodontic force is applied. The cellular responses in the area of bone under compressive force will result in bone resorption, whereas the cellular responses in the

Potential approaches for tooth regeneration. (a) Scaffold based approach. (b) Cell aggregation based approach. (c) Stem cell homing based approach [48] (Copyright permission from Elsevier Science Ltd)

Fig. 6.4 Potential approaches for tooth regeneration. (a) Scaffold based approach. (b) Cell aggregation based approach. (c) Stem cell homing based approach [48] (Copyright permission from Elsevier Science Ltd)

area of bone receiving tension from periodontal ligaments will result in bone deposition [46]. Orthodontic tooth movement generates a change of the local vascularization and a biochemical adaptive response which leads to the release of arachidonic acid, growth factors, metabolites, cytokines, and various enzymes [47].

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Tooth structure
Each tooth consists of a crown projecting above the gum and one or more tapering roots which occupy sockets (alveoli) in the jaw (Figure 1.11). The junction between the crown and the root is termed the neck or cervix of the tooth. Teeth consist of three hard tissues: enamel, cementum and dentine, enclosing...
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