International Climate Negotiation Factors: Design, Process, Tactics

Climate Change as an Emerging Policy Issue Why Climate Negotiations Are not Ideal Scope and Structure of This Book References Climate Negotiation Factors: Design, Process and Tactics Introduction Design Aspects of a Climate Policy Agreement Handling International Environmental Cooperation Determining the Size of an International Policy Coalition Organising Climate Negotiation Processes Integrated Versus Distributive Negotiations Organisation of Climate Negotiations Under the UNFCCC The Scope for Tactics During Climate Negotiations Reflection of National Interests in Countries ’ Positions Tactical Factors for Climate Negotiations Upfront negotiation target The extent to which people/countries are separated from issues Mandates for negotiators given by their governments Set up of the negotiation session Time pressure and exhaustion Location of the negotiations Availability of documents Personalities of the key negotiators Information availability Analysis of Climate Negotiation Dossiers in This Book References The First Phase—Negotiating the UN Climate Convention Introduction Countries Take Their Positions During INC Negotiations G-77&China OECD Industrialised Countries Central and Eastern Europe Towards Agreement on the UNFCCC Discussion: Assessment of UNFCCC Negotiations Against Design, Process and Tactical Factors Negotiation Factor 1: Design of the UNFCCC Negotiation Factors 2 and 3: Impact of Negotiation Process and Tactics References The Negotiation Process Leading to the Kyoto Protocol Introduction From ‘Berlin’ to ‘Kyoto’—Negotiations Under the Berlin Mandate Concluding Negotiations on the Berlin Mandate—The Kyoto Climate Conference Continued Negotiations on Modalities and Procedures for Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol EU: Shift in Negotiation Strategy Bonn Agreement Russian Hesitation Discussion: Assessment of Kyoto Protocol Negotiations Against Design, Process and Tactical Factors Negotiation Factor 1: Kyoto Protocol Design for an Effective International Climate Coalition Negotiation Factor 2: Impact of Negotiation Process Under the Berlin Mandate on Kyoto Protocol Agreement Negotiations Factor 3: Decisive Negotiation Tactics and Facilitating Aspects During AGBM Protocol Negotiations References Towards a Future Climate Policy—From the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement Introduction: Aligning Climate Policies with Development Policies Trying to Extend the Kyoto Protocol (2005-2009)Bali: The Bali Action Plan Copenhagen: No Consensus About the Copenhagen Accord Regaining Confidence in UN-Led Climate Negotiations (2010-2011)Cancun: Pledge and Review Paradigm in Cancun Agreement Durban: Bringing Negotiations to a New Platform Doha: A Negotiation Gateway to the Future Towards the Paris Agreement Warsaw: Introduction of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions Lima: Calling for Climate Actions at COP-20 in Lima Paris: All’s Well that Ends Well Discussion: Assessment of Post-2020 Climate Negotiations Against Design, Process and Tactical Factors Negotiation Factor 1: Design of the Paris Agreement Negotiation Factor 2: Impact of Negotiation Process Organisation Negotiation Factor 3: Tactical Aspects Influencing the Course and Outcomes of Negotiations References Dealing with the Climate Negotiations Paradox Summary of Past Negotiations in Light of Design, Process and Tactical Factors Negotiating Modalities for Implementing Paris Agreement Breaking the Paradox References