Next >

Carbon Footprint and the Industrial Life Cycle: From Urban Planning to Recycling

I Sustainability and Urban Planning Urban Planning in Developing World: Which Alternative for Poor Cities?Between Theories and Praxis, Is Urban Planning More Than an Instrument of Management?Global South, Urbanization and Planning Poverty and Urban Management Urban Planning in Practice: The Cases of Koudougou, Burkina Faso, and Montes Claros, Brasil Lessons Learned from Koudougou Lessons Learned from Montes Claros From and Towards the South: Rethinking Urban Planning References Social and Economic Management of Sustainable Neighborhoods Regeneration Projects Introduction Evolution of Intervention Practice. Last Experiences of Urban Regeneration in Spain The Last Generation of Interventions in Historic Centers Retrofitting Developmentalism Peripheral Neighborhoods of the Twentieth Century Addressing Social Exclusion from Urban Regeneration Taking Action in Urban Tourist Tissues Strategic and Sectorial Regenerations Urban Regeneration Model: Environmental, Social and Economic Aspects. The Specific Case of Madrid Coincidences and Instruments in a Rather Diffuse Model in the Situation of Madrid. ARIs—Integration Rehabilitation Areas Chronology and Proposal of Stages in Regeneration of Neighborhoods in Madrid End of Cycle and New Legal Framework. The Law 3/8 of 2013 Conclusions Present Situation and Future Prospects Reveal Urban Regeneration as a Necessary Practice to Achieve the Challenges of the Present Urban Sustainability in the Way of Been Implemented References Urban Planning Research in the Climate Change Era: Transdisciplinary Approach Toward Sustainable Cities Introduction Urbanisation and Climate Change Interaction Long-term Global Urbanisation and Environmental Challenge Urban Planning Toward the Sustainability Science The Cross-assessment Approach: A Tool for Vision-led Planning The Impact of Technological Innovation on Urban Sustainability Conclusions References Edge Open Spaces in Madrid and Its Metropolitan Area (Spain), Sustainable Urban Planning and Environmental Values Introduction Methodology Open Spaces Evolution in Madrid During the Recent Municipal General Plans (1963-1997)Recent Evolution: Spanish Housing Bubble General Plan of 1946. The First Green Belt of Madrid General Plan of 1963. Metropolitan Green Belt Approach General Plan of 1985. The Short-Lived Enlargement of Protected Areas General Plan of1997. The Decrease and Fragmentation of the Green Belt. Edge Open Space Configuration Edge Open Spaces Evolution in Madrid and Intervention Proposals Types of Edge Open Spaces in Madrid City Territorial Value of Edge Open Spaces in Regional Context Proposals for the EOS Insertion in Regional Green Infrastructure Planning Conclusions References Controlled Landscapes or Building Sustainability in Public Spaces. Case of Studies of Padova and Moscow Occupation of the Territory and Sustainability in Transport in Madrid Introduction Sustainable Mobility in the Community of Madrid Planning of Land Use and Its Relation to Transport The Occupation of the Territory in the Community of Madrid Evolution of Land Occupied in the Fringe of Radial Roads Evolution of Land Occupied by Single-Family Houses Occupation of Industrial Space The Malls Evolution of Densities in the Community of Madrid The Territorial Imbalance, Location of Employment Private Vehicles Conclusions References Private Vehicle and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Spain: A War Without Winner Introduction Vehicles and Greenhouse Gas Emissions European Strategy for Low-Emission Mobility GHG Transport Emissions in Spain, 15 Years Evolution Electricity Generation in Spain GHG Emissions in the Community of Madrid. 15 Years Evolution GHG Emissions in the Community of Cataluna. 15 Years Evolution Comparison Between Madrid and Barcelona Conclusions References II Urban Planning Policy Implications Implementing COP 21 Introduction Policy Making Versus Implementation The Wildavsky Gap Strategy of Implementation Emissions, GDP and Energy Theory Empirical Findings Longitudinal Analysis Cross-Sectional Analysis The Emission-Energy Conundrum Comparative Country Inquiries: Energy-Emission Conundrums Huge Poor Countries in Need of Assistance India Indonesia Brazil Big Advanced Economies in Need of Fundamental Energy Transformation China South Korea Fairness in Emission Reduction Peru The Wood Coal Problematic The Option of Reneging Japan Iran Conclusions References Do Municipalities Have the Right Tools to Become Zero Carbon Emissions Cities? ACCENT, a Pan-European Decision-Support Tool to Take Refurbishment Decisions at City Scale Based on Buildings Energy Performance Introduction Co-creation Design Process Why Don’t Existing Tools Answer to Municipalities Needs?Identifying Needs and Barriers at European Wide Scale, with Local and Empirical Information Energy Data Visualization Needs Needs of Follow-Up Tools for SEAPs Implementation Need of Decision-Support Tool for Energy Planning Need of Communication Tools Main Barriers Identified ACCENT Tool Functionalities Which Answer to Real Challenges Mapping Action Sets Evaluation Scenarios Connection with Other Cities Making It Happens: How Does ACCENT Tool Internally Work?A Replicable but Completely Adjustable Tool. The Customisation Made to the City of Valence (Spain)Conclusions References Towards a Climate-Resilient City: Collaborative Innovation for a ‘Green Shift’ in Oslo Introduction Wicked and Unruly Problems: The Ultimate Challenge for Local Governments The Wickedness and Unruliness of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Collaborative Innovation: The Proper Response to Wicked and Unruly Problems Public Innovation Collaborative Innovation Conditions for Successful Processes of Collaborative Innovation Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Change Problems in the City of Oslo Oslo’s ‘Green Shift’Collaborative Innovation in Oslo Identification of Core Stakeholders Innovation in City Governance The Role of Institutional Design and Public Leadership in Spurring Collaborative Innovation Oslo’s Governance Model Emerging Collaborative Innovation Efforts Conclusion and Future Research References Energy Innovation in the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC): A Theoretical Approach Introduction Sustainable Development, Economic Growth and Global Warming A Theoretical Approach to the Sustainable Development Concept: The Cost of Climate Change Energy Use and Evolution of Air Pollution Levels Within OECD Countries The Public Budget in Energy RD&D Within OECD Countries: Some Policy Recommendations Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution: The Role of Innovation Within the Environmental Kuznets Curve A Theoretical Approach to the EKC Model Economic Growth and the Energy Innovation Process Energy Innovation Within the Environmental Kuznets Curve Model Technical Obsolescence in the EKC Model Summary and Final Conclusions References Marginal Abatement Cost Curves (MACC): Unsolved Issues, Anomalies, and Alternative Proposals Introduction The Traditional MACC Method and Its Anomalies The Taylor’s Method for Ranking Negative Abatement Measures The Ward Method The Gain Maximizing (GM) Method The Extended MACC (EMAC) Method The Environmentalist (ENV) and the Greedy (GRE) Methods The Balanced Ordering (BOM) Method The Classification of Ranking Methods (Tau Distance to ENV and GRE)Case Studies; Comparison and Discussions of Results Report to the Committee on Climate Change Out to 2022 for the UK (Moran et al. 2008)United Nations Programme for the Development of Colombia (Behrentz 2014)Discussion of Results Conclusions References Global and Local: Climate Change Policies as a Paradigm of Multilevel Governance Climate Change Goals Call for Deep Institutional Adaptation European Urban Policies: From the Urban Acquis to the European Urban Agenda Climate Actions as a Paradigm of Multilevel Government Europe 2050: Facing Energy Challenges and Shaping Cities Conclusions References III Metrics for the Sustainability of Infrastructure Projects Carbon Footprint of Human Settlements in Spain Introduction Methodology Household Carbon Footprint of a Region Databases Used Results The Consumption of Spanish Families by Settlement Carbon Footprint of Spanish Families by Settlement Quantifying Emissions Leakage Conclusions References Theoretical Analysis of the Metrics for Measuring the Sustainability of Infrastructure Projects Introduction The Concept of Sustainability Definition of Sustainability Benefits of Sustainability Thinking to Infrastructure Projects Research Method Metrics for Evaluating Sustainability of Infrastructure Projects Background of Information on the Sample Frequency Analysis Analysis of Metrics by Key Characteristics Analysis of Metrics by Theme Lessons Learnt Conclusions References Impact of Urban Policy on Public Transportation in Gauteng, South Africa: Smart or Dumb City Systems Is the Question Introduction Policies and Legislation Governing Public Transportation Rea Vaya, Johannesburg Bus Rapid System The Gautrain System Methodology Results and Discussion Cycling in Johannesburg Smart Mobility Support System for the Reya Vaya and Gautrain Public Transport Uptake Levels of the Reya Vaya and Gautrain Conclusion References IV Methodology for Calculating Industrial Carbon Footprints Technologies for the Bio-conversion of GHGs into High Added Value Products: Current State and Future Prospects Introduction Biotechnologies for Methane Abatement: Biodegradation and Bioconversion into Value Added Bioproducts Microbiology of CH4 Treatment Bioreactors for CH4 Treatment Biopolymers from Methane: An Alternative to Petrochemical-Derived Plastics Production of Exopolysaccharides from CH4 Production of Ectoine from CH4 Biotechnologies for Nitrous Oxide Abatement and Valuable Bioproducts Synthesis Conclusions References V Modelling a Low-Carbon City: Eco-city and Eco-planning The Architecture and the Value of the Waste The Architecture of Waste The Problem of Value Architectural Stratagems and Deceits Machines Monuments Integrated Architecture Transforming and Containing the Formless References Modeling a Low-Carbon City: Eco-city and Eco-planning Introduction Concepts of Sustainable Urbanization Economic Policies and Indicators Emission Inventories Consumer Household Energy Demands Industry, Commerce and Mining Energy Demands Transport Energy Demands Agricultural Energy Demands Parameters Required for Modeling Future Directions and Planning for Urban Growth Conclusions References VI Characterization of Industrial GHG Emission Sources in Urban Planning Characterization of Industrial GHG Emission Sources in Urban Planning Introduction Main Contributors to Climate Change Alternative Urban Energies Efficient Built Environment Importance of Efficient Urban Planning Green Infrastructure Transportation Sector Energy Efficiency Through Adapting Behavior Reducing Travel Demands Noise Pollution in the Transport Sector Electricity and Heat Production Electricity and Heat Generation Demands Scope of GHG Emissions Upstream, and Downstream Activities The Value Chain Footprint Scope 2 Emissions Characteristics of Sustainable Energy Planning Alternative Energies for Electricity and Heat Generation Electricity and Heat Transport Losses Power Losses Endeavors to Reduce Carbon Footprint Reducing GHG Emissions Through Efficient Urban Planning Intelligent and Smart Lighting Materials Used for Building Exterior Features and Roofing Energy-Efficient Elevators for Multiple-Story Buildings Certified Flooring (Carpeting, Tiling or Wood)Insulation of Walls, Floors, Foundations and Ventilation Shafts Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Additional Urban Planning Strategies and Techniques to Achieve Energy-Efficient, Smart and Sustainable Buildings Conclusion References From Grey Towards Green. About the Urban Energy Fold at Symbiont City Introduction Relation with Nature-Based Protocols Objectives Overview of the Action Methodology Diagnostic Phase—Urban Flows Assessment Implementation Phase—Mixed-Use Ecosystem Environment—MEU Exploitation Phase—Regulatory Revision Expected Impacts Protocol WP 1. Urban Symbiosis: A Cross-Consolidation of State of The Art WP2. Case Study Collective Definition WP3. Symbiosis Assessment Lab WP4. Pilot Study Modeling of MEU WP5. Environmental Monitoring WP6. Participation/Validation Process by Professional Market WP 7. Optimization Plan and Dissemination of Results Conclusions References Does Urban Living Reduce Energy Use?Introduction Domestic Energy Consumption: Natural Gas and Electricity Domestic Use of Energy Over Time Mobility of People Solar Panels on Roofs Energetic Society and Local Energy Initiatives Solar Energy Wind Energy Summary and Conclusion References The Challenge of Urbanization in the Context of the New Urban Agenda: Towards a Sustainable Optimization of the Urban Standards Introduction The Urbanization Process: Recent Evolution and State of Art The New Urban Agenda from Conference Habitat III Towards a Sustainable Optimization of Urban Standards.Density Diversity of Uses Open Public Space Treatment of Surface Free of Building Limits and Origin of Urban Standards: The Citizen Needs as a Measure Unit Conclusions References

Next >