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Monitoring degradation products and metal ions in vivo

D. Paramitha¹, M.F. Ulum², A. Purnama¹, D.H.B. Wicaksono³'⁴,

D. Noviana², H. Hermawan¹

'Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; ²Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia; ³University of Technology of Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; ⁴Swiss-German University, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia

I ntroduction

Along with the advances in biomedical science and technology, biomaterials and medical implants are evolving toward a direction where they are no longer required to be inert but actively interact with the living implantation sites [1,2]. The development of bioactive biomaterials is evident in all classes of traditional materials (metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites) for use as implants to tissue engineering supports [3,4]. One of the recent advances in metallic biomaterials is the development of biodegradable metals. These metals bear a concept where instead of keeping them inert, they are purposely designed to degrade within the in vivo setting [5,6]. Implants made of these metals are expected to corrode gradually in vivo, with an appropriate host response elicited by released corrosion products, then dissolve completely upon assisting tissue healing of temporary clinical problems [7].

Proposing biodegradable metal implants certainly opposes the established paradigm of inert metallic biomaterials. The released corrosion products and metal ions may disturb the local and systemic physiological equilibrium of the implanted host. Therefore the biosafety of each kind of degradation product has to be carefully evaluated and an insight into the in vivo monitoring of degradation products and released metal ions is essentially needed. This chapter introduces the state of the art of biodegradable metals, discusses the current in vivo implantation and monitoring techniques of biodegradable metal implants, and proposes new techniques for monitoring degradation products and metal ions in vivo.

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Current in vivo techniques for monitoring degradation
Numerous methods have been used to evaluate in vivo corrosion behavior of biodegradable metals, involving both qualitative and quantitative measurement. So far, these methods are the adoption from common protocols for in vivo corrosion evaluation of inert metallic biomaterials using various analytical...
(Monitoring and Evaluation of Biomaterials and their Performance In Vivo)
Monitoring and tracking metallic nanobiomaterials in vivo
D. Pissuwan Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Metallic nanobiomaterials Many metal nanomaterials have shown excellent properties that are suitable for in vivo biomedical applications. Gold nanoparticles and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles have especially shown a high potential as...
(Monitoring and Evaluation of Biomaterials and their Performance In Vivo)
Sorption of Metal Ions
Adsorption of water by activated coals is of great interest from practical point of view. The coal pores are filled with water of 30-50%, the diameter of pores is less than 12-24 A. But the "normal” carbon surface is hydrophobic, it means it repel the water. The carbon body, the surface of which is...
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Phytoremediation for Pollutants Degradation and Heavy Metals Removal
Phytoremediation is the in-situ technology that exploits plants and their rhizosphere to remove the contaminants or lower their bioavailability in soil and water. It results in the ecological rehabilitation of contaminated sites (DalCorso et ah, 2019). Various organic pollutants such as polynuclear aromatic...
(Nanobiotechnology for Green Environment)
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Ceramics are defined as inorganic nonmetallic materials and are often classified according to Table 1.1. Biomaterials based on ceramics are found within all the classical ceramic families: traditional ceramics, special ceramics, glasses, glass ceramics, coatings, and chemically bonded ceramics (CBC)...
(Monitoring and Evaluation of Biomaterials and their Performance In Vivo)
I ntroduction
Tens of millions of people across the world live with implanted medical devices, with an estimated 25 million people living in the United States alone (Hanna et al., 2001). Furthermore, the US demand for such devices is estimated to grow 7.7% annually to $52 billion in 2015 (The Freedonia Group, 2012)....
(Monitoring and Evaluation of Biomaterials and their Performance In Vivo)
I ntroduction
Changes in physiological chemistry and morphology are caused by a number of factors including pH, mechanical stresses induced by the natural movement of tissue, and proteins excreted by surrounding cells and tissues, all of which can lead to mineralization. While healthy tissue follow a specific mineralization...
(Monitoring and Evaluation of Biomaterials and their Performance In Vivo)
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Assessing cell responses to biomaterials has evolved significantly through the continued development, refinement, and improvement of technologies for measuring cell response, particularly in applications of molecular biology and analysis of gene expression. When mammalian cells attach to biomaterials,...
(Monitoring and Evaluation of Biomaterials and their Performance In Vivo)