Notes
- 1. Chimmanda Ngozi Adichie, “We Should All Be Feminists.” April 29, 2013 (Adichie 2013). http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/We-should-all- be-feminists-Chim.
- 2. R. Krithika, “I Am a Happy Feminist” (Krithika 2013). www.hindu.com/ mag/2009/08/09/stories/2009080950020200.htm (Accessed January 25, 2013).
- 3. Mary Wollstonecraft, “To M. Talleyrand-Perigord, Late Bishop of Autun,” in Masters of British Literature, ed. David Damrosch and Kevin J.H. Dettmar. New York: Pearson, Longman, 2008, 147-148 (Wollstonecraft 2008).
- 4. Mary Wollstonecraft, “Vindication of the Rights of Women,” in Masters of British Literature, ed. David Damrosch and Kevin J.H. Dettmar. New York: Pearson, Longman, 2008, 152 (Wollstonecraft 2008).
- 5. bell hooks, “Feminism: A Movement to End Sexist Oppression,” in Readings in Feminist Rhetorical Theory, ed. Cindy L. Griffin, Karen A. Foss, and Sonja K. Foss. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2004, 51 (hooks 2004).
- 6. Ibid., 53.
- 7. bell hooks, Feminism is for Everybody. Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2000, 103 (hooks 2000).
- 8. Adichie, “We Should All Be Feminists” (Adichie 2013).
- 9. Ibid.
- 10. Ibid.
- 11. Iris Marion Young, Throwing Like a Girl and Other Essays in Feminist Philosophy and Social Theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990 (Young 1990).
- 12. Young, “Throwing Like a Girl: A Phenomenology of Feminine Body Comportment Motility and Spatiality.” Human Studies, 3.2 (1980): 147 (Young 1980).
- 13. Maura Judkis, “Always Super Bowl 2015 Commercial: Redefining ‘throw like a girl.’” Washington Post (Judkis 2015) http://www.washing tonpost.com/blogs/style-blog/wp/2015/02/01/always-super-bowl- 2015-commercial-redefining-throw-like -a-girl/.
- 14. Ibid.
- 15. Frans De Waal, The Age of Empathy: Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York: Harmony Books, 2009, 214 (Waal 2009).
- 16. Gabriel Marcel, The Existential Background of Human Dignity. Harvard University Press, 1963, 123 (Marcel 1963).
- 17. I am aware that many Africanists are suspicious of such liberal philosophers as Kant and Rawls. I do not suggest that African women writers subscribe to their liberal understanding of society. I do believe, though, that some of their ideas could enhance our understanding of society.
- 18. John Rawls, Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Edited by Erin Kelly. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001, 14 (Rawls 2001).
- 19. Ibid., 15.
- 20. Susan Moller Okin, Justice, Gender and the Family. New York: Basic Books, 1989, 2 (Moller Okin 1989).
- 21. Martha Nussbaum, Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2001. (Nussbaum 2001).
- 22. Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue. University of Notre Dame Press, 1984 (MacIntyre 1984).
- 23. Nkiru Uwechia Nzegwu, Family Matters: Feminist Concepts in African Philosophy of Culture. New York: State University ofNew York, 2006, 276 (Nzegwu 2006).
- 24. Rawls, Justice as Fairness, 16 (Rawls 2001).
- 25. Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Edited by Knud Haakonssen. Cambridge University Press, 2002, 11-12 (Smith 2002).
- 26. Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. Malcolm Heath. London: Penguin Books 1996 (Aristotle 1996).
- 27. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, The Thing Around Your Neck. Lagos: Farafina Books, 2009 (Adichie 2009).
- 28. Ibid., 192.
- 29. Ibid., 187.
- 30. Ibid., 195.
- 31. Adichie, “We Should All Be Feminists” (Adichie 2013).
- 32. Adichie, The Thing, 195 (Adichie 2009).
- 33. Judith Butler, The Psychic Life of Power: Theories in Subjection. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997, 3 (Butler 1997).
- 34. Ibid, 6.
- 35. Ibid., 18.
- 36. Louis Althusser, Lenin and Philosophy. Trans. Ben Brewster. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1971, 163 (Althusser 1971).
- 37. Butler, The Psychic Life, 67 (Butler 1997).
- 38. For a better understanding of Butler’s concept of psychic dependency, see Amy Allen The Politics of Our Selves: Power, Autonomy, and Gender in Contemporary Critical Theory. New York: University of Columbia Press, 2008 (Allen 2008).
- 39. Butler, The Psychic Life, 188 (Butler 1997).
- 40. Helene Cixous, “The Laugh of the Medusa,” translated by Keith Cohen and Paula Cohen. Signs, 1.4 (1976): 878 (Cixous 1976).
- 41. Susan Andrade, “Adichie’s Genealogies: National and Feminine Novels,” Research in African Literature 43.3 (2011), 96-99 (Andrade 2011).
- 42. Tsitsi Dangarembga, Nervous Condition. New York: Seal Press, 1988, 16-20. (Dangarembga 1988).
- 43. Adichie, The Thing, 197 (Adichie 2009).
- 44. Cheryl Stobie, “Gendered Bodies in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus,” in Literature of Our Times: Postcolonial Studies in the Twenty-First Century, ed. Bill Ashcroft, Ranjini Mendis, Julie McGonegal, and Arun Mukherjee. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2012,421-435 (Stobie 2012).
- 45. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus. New York: Anchor Books, 2003, 3 (Adichie 2003).
- 46. Deji Toye, “Unmasking the Okonkwo Complex in Purple Hibiscus,” Nigerian Guardian 24 January 2005 (Toye 2005).
- 47. Cynthia R. Wallace, “Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus and the Paradoxes of Postcolonial Redemption,” Christianity and Literature, 61.3 (2012): 467 (Wallace 2012).
- 48. Adichie, Purple Hibiscus, 11 (Adichie 2003).
- 49. Ibid., 10.
- 50. Ibid., 20.
- 51. Ibid., 32-34.
- 52. Ibid., 36.
- 53. Ibid., 194.
- 54. P.S. Greenspan, “Guilt and Virtue,” The Journal of Philosophy, 92.2 (1994): 58 (Greenspan 1994).
- 55. Adichie, The Thing, 194 (Adichie 2009).
- 56. Ibid., 194
- 57. Greenspan, “Guilt and Virtue,” 61 (Greenspan 1994).
- 58. William Neblett, “The Ethics of Guilt,” The Journal of Philosophy, 71.18 (1974): 655. (Neblett 1974).
- 59. Ibid.
- 60. Adichie, Purple Hibiscus, 144 (Adichie 2003).
- 61. Ibid., 145.
- 62. Ibid., 291.
- 63. Ibid., 305.
- 64. Ibid., 291.
- 65. Ovid, Metamorphosis. Trans. Mary M. Innes. London: Penguin Books, 1955, 29 (Ovid 1955).
- 66. Adichie, Purple Hibiscus, 221 (Adichie 2003).
- 67. Joseph R. Slaughter, Human Rights, Inc: The World Novel, Narrative Form, and International Law. New York: Fordham University Press, 2007, 253 (Slaughter 2007)
- 68. Adichie, Purple Hibiscus, 197 (Adichie 2003).
- 69. Ibid., 76.
- 70. Ibid., 80.
- 71. Ibid., 144.
- 72. Ibid., 88.