Notes

1. Chimmanda Ngozi Adichie, “We Should All Be Feminists.” April 29, 2013 (Adichie 2013). http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/We-should-all- be-feminists-Chim.
2. R. Krithika, “I Am a Happy Feminist” (Krithika 2013). www.hindu.com/ mag/2009/08/09/stories/2009080950020200.htm (Accessed January 25, 2013).
3. Mary Wollstonecraft, “To M. Talleyrand-Perigord, Late Bishop of Autun,” in Masters of British Literature, ed. David Damrosch and Kevin J.H. Dettmar. New York: Pearson, Longman, 2008, 147-148 (Wollstonecraft 2008).

4. Mary Wollstonecraft, “Vindication of the Rights of Women,” in Masters of British Literature, ed. David Damrosch and Kevin J.H. Dettmar. New York: Pearson, Longman, 2008, 152 (Wollstonecraft 2008).
5. bell hooks, “Feminism: A Movement to End Sexist Oppression,” in Readings in Feminist Rhetorical Theory, ed. Cindy L. Griffin, Karen A. Foss, and Sonja K. Foss. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2004, 51 (hooks 2004).
6. Ibid., 53.
7. bell hooks, Feminism is for Everybody. Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2000, 103 (hooks 2000).
8. Adichie, “We Should All Be Feminists” (Adichie 2013).
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Iris Marion Young, Throwing Like a Girl and Other Essays in Feminist Philosophy and Social Theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990 (Young 1990).
12. Young, “Throwing Like a Girl: A Phenomenology of Feminine Body Comportment Motility and Spatiality.” Human Studies, 3.2 (1980): 147 (Young 1980).
13. Maura Judkis, “Always Super Bowl 2015 Commercial: Redefining ‘throw like a girl.’” Washington Post (Judkis 2015) http://www.washing tonpost.com/blogs/style-blog/wp/2015/02/01/always-super-bowl- 2015-commercial-redefining-throw-like -a-girl/.
14. Ibid.
15. Frans De Waal, The Age of Empathy: Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York: Harmony Books, 2009, 214 (Waal 2009).
16. Gabriel Marcel, The Existential Background of Human Dignity. Harvard University Press, 1963, 123 (Marcel 1963).
17. I am aware that many Africanists are suspicious of such liberal philosophers as Kant and Rawls. I do not suggest that African women writers subscribe to their liberal understanding of society. I do believe, though, that some of their ideas could enhance our understanding of society.
18. John Rawls, Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Edited by Erin Kelly. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001, 14 (Rawls 2001).
19. Ibid., 15.
20. Susan Moller Okin, Justice, Gender and the Family. New York: Basic Books, 1989, 2 (Moller Okin 1989).
21. Martha Nussbaum, Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2001. (Nussbaum 2001).
22. Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue. University of Notre Dame Press, 1984 (MacIntyre 1984).

23. Nkiru Uwechia Nzegwu, Family Matters: Feminist Concepts in African Philosophy of Culture. New York: State University ofNew York, 2006, 276 (Nzegwu 2006).
24. Rawls, Justice as Fairness, 16 (Rawls 2001).
25. Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Edited by Knud Haakonssen. Cambridge University Press, 2002, 11-12 (Smith 2002).
26. Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. Malcolm Heath. London: Penguin Books 1996 (Aristotle 1996).
27. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, The Thing Around Your Neck. Lagos: Farafina Books, 2009 (Adichie 2009).
28. Ibid., 192.
29. Ibid., 187.
30. Ibid., 195.
31. Adichie, “We Should All Be Feminists” (Adichie 2013).
32. Adichie, The Thing, 195 (Adichie 2009).
33. Judith Butler, The Psychic Life of Power: Theories in Subjection. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997, 3 (Butler 1997).
34. Ibid, 6.
35. Ibid., 18.
36. Louis Althusser, Lenin and Philosophy. Trans. Ben Brewster. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1971, 163 (Althusser 1971).
37. Butler, The Psychic Life, 67 (Butler 1997).
38. For a better understanding of Butler’s concept of psychic dependency, see Amy Allen The Politics of Our Selves: Power, Autonomy, and Gender in Contemporary Critical Theory. New York: University of Columbia Press, 2008 (Allen 2008).
39. Butler, The Psychic Life, 188 (Butler 1997).
40. Helene Cixous, “The Laugh of the Medusa,” translated by Keith Cohen and Paula Cohen. Signs, 1.4 (1976): 878 (Cixous 1976).
41. Susan Andrade, “Adichie’s Genealogies: National and Feminine Novels,” Research in African Literature 43.3 (2011), 96-99 (Andrade 2011).
42. Tsitsi Dangarembga, Nervous Condition. New York: Seal Press, 1988, 16-20. (Dangarembga 1988).
43. Adichie, The Thing, 197 (Adichie 2009).
44. Cheryl Stobie, “Gendered Bodies in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus,” in Literature of Our Times: Postcolonial Studies in the Twenty-First Century, ed. Bill Ashcroft, Ranjini Mendis, Julie McGonegal, and Arun Mukherjee. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2012,421-435 (Stobie 2012).
45. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus. New York: Anchor Books, 2003, 3 (Adichie 2003).
46. Deji Toye, “Unmasking the Okonkwo Complex in Purple Hibiscus,” Nigerian Guardian 24 January 2005 (Toye 2005).

47. Cynthia R. Wallace, “Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus and the Paradoxes of Postcolonial Redemption,” Christianity and Literature, 61.3 (2012): 467 (Wallace 2012).
48. Adichie, Purple Hibiscus, 11 (Adichie 2003).
49. Ibid., 10.
50. Ibid., 20.
51. Ibid., 32-34.
52. Ibid., 36.
53. Ibid., 194.
54. P.S. Greenspan, “Guilt and Virtue,” The Journal of Philosophy, 92.2 (1994): 58 (Greenspan 1994).
55. Adichie, The Thing, 194 (Adichie 2009).
56. Ibid., 194
57. Greenspan, “Guilt and Virtue,” 61 (Greenspan 1994).
58. William Neblett, “The Ethics of Guilt,” The Journal of Philosophy, 71.18 (1974): 655. (Neblett 1974).
59. Ibid.
60. Adichie, Purple Hibiscus, 144 (Adichie 2003).
61. Ibid., 145.
62. Ibid., 291.
63. Ibid., 305.
64. Ibid., 291.
65. Ovid, Metamorphosis. Trans. Mary M. Innes. London: Penguin Books, 1955, 29 (Ovid 1955).
66. Adichie, Purple Hibiscus, 221 (Adichie 2003).
67. Joseph R. Slaughter, Human Rights, Inc: The World Novel, Narrative Form, and International Law. New York: Fordham University Press, 2007, 253 (Slaughter 2007)
68. Adichie, Purple Hibiscus, 197 (Adichie 2003).
69. Ibid., 76.
70. Ibid., 80.
71. Ibid., 144.
72. Ibid., 88.