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OECD Development Pathways Interrelations between Public Policies, Migration and Development in Georg

A project with empirical grounding The policy context is critical for how migration affects development in Georgia Integrating migration into sectoral strategies will enhance migration’s role in development Assessment and policy recommendations in Georgia How did the IPPMD project operate in Georgia?Emigration’s positive impacts can be enhanced in Georgia Despite short-term labour losses, emigration can be leveraged for positive outcomes in Georgia How do sectoral policies influence emigration and development?Remittances can build financial and human capital, given the right policies Remittances are not only used for consumption, but also for investment How do sectoral policies influence remittance use?Return migration to Georgia is an underexploited resource Return migration is a vector for investment How can sectoral policies make the most of return migration?A more coherent policy agenda can unlock the development potential of migration Integrate migration and development into labour market policies Leverage migration for development in the agricultural sector Enhance migration-led development by facilitating investment in education Strengthen the links between migration, investment, financial services and development Notes References Georgia’s migration landscape A brief overview of migration and remittance trends in Georgia Georgia is a country of net emigration Remittances to Georgia are increasing, while the financial cost of remitting is decreasing What are the key issues and knowledge gaps?There has been a gradual shift in emigrant destination Return migration is often temporary Less is known about the impact of remittances, return migration and diaspora links on development in Georgia What role does migration play in national development strategies?Government policies targeting migration are new and concentrate on the diaspora What is the institutional framework governing migration?Conclusions Notes References Understanding the methodological framework in Georgia How were the households and communities sampled?Household surveys Community surveys Stakeholder interviews How were the data analysed?What do the surveys tell us about migration in Georgia?Emigration patterns are different for men and women More than one in four households receive international remittances Most return migrants are happy to have come home Conclusions Notes Migration and the labour market in Georgia A brief overview of the labour market in Georgia How does migration affect the labour market in Georgia?Emigrants are more likely to come from the health sector and more skilled occupations Emigration and remittances particularly affect women's employment decisions Remittances seem to stimulate more self-employment among men Return migration can boost self-employment in Georgia How do labour market policies affect migration in Georgia?Unemployment motivates people to emigrate Government employment agencies have a limited impact on migration in Georgia Vocational training programmes have little effect on migration Public employment programmes are too small scale to make an impact Conclusions and policy recommendations Notes References Migration and agriculture in Georgia A brief overview of agriculture in Georgia How does migration affect agriculture in Georgia?Households emigrants have less household labour for farming Agricultural households do not seem to invest remittances in agriculture Return migration is linked to both agricultural and non-agricultural investments How do agricultural policies affect migration?Vouchers have the widest coverage of all the policy programmes surveyed Agricultural vouchers seem to increase the probability of emigrating Agricultural training programmes appear to be linked to emigration Insurance-related programmes are linked to emigration, but not return migration Land ownership and possession of titles are linked to migration outcomes Conclusions and policy recommendations Notes References Migration and education in Georgia A brief overview of the education sector in Georgia How does migration affect education?Highly educated individuals are more likely to plan to emigrate Return migration can contribute to human capital accumulation Emigration and remittances are not linked to youth school attendance Remittances tend to increase educational expenditures Return migration is not linked to educational expenditures How do Georgia’s education policies affect migration?Georgia’s education programmes have little effect on emigration Unemployment and skills mismatches are strong emigration push factors Conclusions and policy recommendations Notes References Migration, investments and financial services in Georgia A brief overview of the investment and financial service sector in Georgia How does migration affect investments in Georgia?Migration and remittances have limited effects on productive investments Return migration is linked to entrepreneurship, but not real estate investments How do Georgia’s investment policies affect migration?Many households have access to bank accounts, but this does not seem to impact remittance patterns Financial training programmes are scarce in Georgia Conclusions and policy recommendations Notes References

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