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Children and Forced Migration: Durable Solutions During Transient Years

Children and Forced Migration: Durable and Transitional Solutions Children, Durable Solutions, and the Current Refugee Crisis Girls, Boys, and Transience: Issues of Gender and Generation The Chapters That Follow Works Cited I Durable Solutions and Crises: Displacement of Children and Youth Resulting from Humanitarian Emergencies Enduring Solutions in the Midst of "Crisis": Refugee Children in Europe A Child Rights Analysis of Refugee Children's Plight and Europe's Response Charting the Refugee Child's Motivations and Journey into Europe Identification of Protection Risks and a Corresponding Child Rights Analysis Strengthening Social Welfare and Child Protection Systems in Germany and Sweden The European-Level Response The Search for Durable Solutions in a Child's Best Interests Meaningful Access by Children to Traditional Durable Solutions The Link Between Admission Pathways, Family Unity, and Protection: Other Forms of Durable Solutions Concluding Remarks Works Cited What Kind of Welcome? Addressing the Integration Needs of Central American Children and Adolescents in US Local Communities Child Migrants Make Headlines Child Migrants Have Been Coming to the USA Alone Since Ellis Island Reception in Communities and Families The Welcome Mat Is Out in Many Communities, But Will It Remain Out?What Happens After the Honeymoon Is Over?Education and Employment Are Newly Arriving Immigrant Children Stressing the Public School System?Enhancing Newly Arrived Students' English Language Proficiency The Role of Teachers and School Administrators Stepping into the Murky and Dangerous Waters of Illegal Employment Beyond Education and Employment: Meeting Psychosocial Needs Conclusion: Challenges for the Future Works Cited Turning the Invisible into the Visible: Stateless Children in Italy The Sensation of Invisibility The Right to Have Rights Being Stateless in Italy The Promise of Durable Solutions Concluding Remarks Works Cited II Repatriation and (Re)Integration: Dilemmas of Sustainable Return Refugee Girls and Boys and the Dilemmas of (Un)Sustainable Return to South Sudan Introduction: Return as a Durable Solution to Forced Displacement Researching Durable Solutions: Framework, Concepts, and Methods The Context of Repatriation: Historical Determinants of Displacement and Return Challenges and Opportunities of Post-CPA Return in 2005-2013 Age and Gender Dynamics of Returnee Girls and Boys Resurgence of Violent Conflict and Displacement Once Again Concluding Remarks Works Cited Reintegration of First- and Second-Generation Children Returned to Burundi: A Multidimensional Approach Conflict and Return Migration to Burundi The Return of First- and Second-Generation Children Defining and Measuring Reintegration Data Child Returnees' Profiles Results Discussion and Conclusion Works Cited Pathway of Hope: A Learning Certification Solution for Internally Displaced Children in Northern Syria Background: The Northern Syria Context Methodology Limitations Crises and Education: A Growing Global Challenge The Changing Nature of Crises Educating IDCs During Crises: The Supple Side and the Question of Mandate Educating IDCs During Crises: The Demand- Side Perspective The Challenge of Certifying IDC Learning An Introduction to Certification Certifying IDC Learning: Lessons Learned Flexibility and Simplicity Must Frame Any Effort High-Stakes Testing Should Not Be the Only Means of Certification Existing Sector Standards Should Be Used to Help Frame the Certification Pathway Collaboration Among Many Stakeholders Is Critical Nongovernmental Actors Should Not Be the Certifying Agents Humanitarian Principals Must Be Respected Conclusion and Recommendations UNESCO Should Establish a Certification Body for Northern Syrian Children Regional Certification Body Should Consider Best Practices from the Literature The Envisioned Challenges Recognition Cannot Be Assured Security Concerns Are Legitimate (Too) High Standards Can Set the System Up for Failure Financial Support Will Be a Challenge Education Will Remain Political Works Cited Interviews Cited III Asylum-Seeking and Local Integration: Protection and Assimilation in Exile Taking the Long View: The Consequences of Displacement for Children in Afghanistan Literature Review Methodology Data Empirical Models Results Conclusion Policy Discussion Works Cited A Systems Approach to Child Protection: Does Theory Reflect Reality in Protracted Refugee Situations?Developments in Child Protection Programming: From Issues and Needs to Rights and Systems Child Protection from a Human Rights Perspective Framing the Theory of a Systems Approach to Child Protection A Systems Approach to Child Protection in PRS Protection Programming in Refugee Situations Spectrum and Examples of Protection Risks and Vulnerabilities of PRS Children Working with Children in PRS: A Subsystem within the Child Protection System Rethinking System Boundaries Conclusion Works Cited Making Human Rights a Reality for Refugee Children: A Prerequisite to Local Integration as a Durable Solution A Word About Methodology The Law The Reality Closing the Gap Asylum Access: A Case Study Diving Deeper: Examples from Ecuador, Thailand, and Tanzania Ecuador Thailand Tanzania Decoupling Rights from Permanence Works Cited "Brothers Will Be Everywhere": Youth Involvement in Martial Arts as the East Timorese Displaced Persons Struggle for Recognition in Their Community in Naibonat, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia From "Refugees" to "New Citizens"Authorized Yet Unrecognized: The Youths' Limited Access Violent Image as the Justification of Exclusion Youths' "Time-Passing" Activities in Naibonat Perguruan Silat: A "Tactical Bricolage" Across Indonesia and Timor Leste Protecting Self and Families Gaining Respect and Support from Brothers Contemplate Identity Through Perguruan Quitting a Perguruan After Gaining Recognition Conclusion Works Cited IV Resettlement in a Third Country: In Transit to Various Foreign Lands Finding Better Ways to Support Resettled Refugee Families: Dealing with Intergenerational Conflict Demographic Characteristics and the Cultural Position of South Sudanese-Australian Families Methodology Findings Differential Acculturation and Shifting Power Dynamics Within Families Supporting Parenting Transition Supporting Youth Discussion Conclusion Works Cited Unaccompanied Young Asylum-Seekers Stuck in Transit in Indonesia: Intimate Relationships and Resilience Unaccompanied Young Asylum-Seekers in Indonesia Forging Functional Friendships and Intimate Relationships Childhood, Youth, and Sexuality Conclusion Works Cited No Date on the Door: Direct Provision Housing, Child Asylum-Seekers, and Ireland's Violations of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Methods History of Ireland's Refugee and Asylum-Seeker Protection Regime An Important Distinction in Irish Law: Refugees Versus Asylum-Seekers Direct Provision in the Context of the EU and International Law The Government's Rationale for Direct Provision Housing Violations of the CRC: Safety Concerns for Children in Direct Provision Material Deprivation Relieving Responsibility: Direct Provision as Social Exclusion Assessment of the Government's Position in Light of Criticisms of Direct Provision Constructing Durable Policy Solutions for the Difficulties Faced by Child Asylum-Seekers Conclusion Acknowledgments Works Cited Conclusion: Durable Solutions During Transient Years: Lessons Learned Youngsters, Forced Displacement, and Worldlessness Lessons Learned Concluding Thoughts Works Cited

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