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FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

The reason that there are so many carbon compounds is that the alkanes listed above can be varied very easily, with simple substitutions, in a nearly endless number of ways. Consider the fairly simple case of a propane molecule with two hydrogens replaced by chlorines to yield dichloropropane, as shown in Figure 3.3.

Isomers of dichloropropane

Figure 3.3. Isomers of dichloropropane

Note that all four of these compounds have three carbons in a chain (propane) and have two chlorines (dichloro). They are, however, not the same compound, as the locations of the chlorines are different in each case. A systematic way to distinguish between all four of these is needed, and there is also need to avoid redundancy. For instance, the first compound is the same as the one shown in Figure 3.4, except rotated 180 degrees. They are, in reality, the same compound, and it should be possible to know how to name them the same way.

,1-Dichloropropane. Despite appearances, this molecule is the same as the one in the top left of Figure 3.3

Figure 3.4. 1,1-Dichloropropane. Despite appearances, this molecule is the same as the one in the top left of Figure 3.3

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Functional Group Decision-Making Theory
Group communication scholars began developing theory in the 1970s (Poole 1999). In the 1980s, Gouran and Hirokawa developed one of the most influential group communication theories, the functional theory of group decision making (Salazar 2009). This theory promotes rational decision making and critical,...
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Functioning Groups
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Common Prodruggable Handles and Subsequent Functional Group Conversion
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Oxygen-Bearing Functional Groups
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Nitrogen-Bearing Functional Groups
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Sulfur-Bearing Functional Groups
The sulfur-containing functional groups positively contribute to the adsorption of organic and inorganic contaminants from water resources on a variety of adsorbents either by increasing/decreasing specific surface area and pore volume of the adsorbents or by their extraordinary binding abilities with...
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Adsorbent Containing Multiple Functional Groups
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