Southeast Inka Frontiers: Boundaries and Interactions

Ancient Imperial Frontiers and the Inka Toward a Frontier-Centered Perspective of Empires Imperial Frontier Processes Military Control Surplus Extraction and Heightened Social Stratification Long-distance Trade Frontier Colonization or Abandonment Acculturation and Ethnogenesis Modeling the Variability of Ancient Imperial Frontiers The Preclusive, or Hardened, Frontier The Restrictive Imperial Frontier The Porous Imperial Frontier The Open Frontier Zone Inka Andean Imperialism Assessing the Southeastern Inka Frontier Expansion and the Inka State Institutions The Southeastern Inka Frontier: Research Goals and Methodology The Regional Survey Architecture Excavations Artifactual Analysis Ethnohistory The Southeastern Inka Frontier and the Guarani Invasions The Guarani-Chiriguanos in the Southern Andean Foothills Southeastern Inka Fortifications The Tupiguarani The Guaranies: Early Migrations into the Andean Cordillera The Candire Myth, the Inka, and the Guarani-Chiriguanos Migrations The Charcas Confederation in Southern Collasuyu Regional Changes within the Inka Frontier Zone The Multiethnic Valley of Oroncota How the Yamparas Were Conquered and Lured by the Inka Regional-Scale Settlement Shifts, Population Pressure, and Agriculture Settlement Clustering and Site Nucleation Classic Yampara Period (A.D. 800-1300)Late Yampara-Inka Period (A.D. 1300-1536)Population Pressure and Agriculture Inka Site Location and Function Inka Storage Capacity Trading Networks: Inka and Imported Pottery Interaction with the Eastern Tropics: Distribution of Chiriguano and Lowland Materials Summary Notes Excavations in the Oroncota Inka Complex Inka Architecture: Style and Function Identifying Inka Military Installations Architectural Layout of the Oroncota Inka Complex Plaza Layout and Access Patterns Evaluation of Military Features The Excavations The Enclosed Plaza and the Ushnu The Twin Kallankas Public Feasts in the Early Occupation Second Occupation: Architectural Renovation Outside the Main Plaza Complex Group of Elaborate Rooms in the Plaza Complex Grain-Processing Activities The Outer Residential Compounds Storage Facilities The Isolated Kallanka: A Transient Residency Spatial Distribution of Ceramic Styles Food Consumption Remains: Where Is the Inka Pottery?Interregional Trade A Near Absence of Craft Production Support Imperial Facilities: El Pedregal and Inkarry Moqo El Pedregal Defense Outpost Inkarry Moqo Summary At the Frontier Edge Regional Changes in Khosko Toro Ecology of the Region Brief Ethnohistory of the Cuzcotuyo Stronghold Previous Archaeological Research Finding Early Settlements: Some Considerations The Early Manchachi Slate on Red Period (?-A.D. 1480)The Late Parapeti Ungulate Inka Period (A.D. 1480-1536)The Cuzcotuyo Complex in the Region Inka Storage Capacity Ceramic Distribution: Inka and Chiriguano Pottery Interregional Communication Corridors Summary Excavations in the Cuzcotuyo Inka Fortress Architectural Layout Digging Inside the Cuzcotuyo Complex The Western Plaza Early Inka Occupation Late Inka Occupation The Eastern Plaza Intermediate Rooms in the Complex The Twin Rooms Late Additions in the Eastern Plaza Excavations Outside the Complex The Military Barrack The Storage Qolqas Residential Occupation A Special Purpose Room Defensive Outposts along the Wall Local and Guarani Pottery Distribution The Absence of Inka Pottery The Absence of Yampara Ceramics Distribution of Lithic Artifacts and Faunal Remains Feasting and Frontier Celebrations Summary Dynamics of the Southeastern Inka Frontier Comparing Changes in the Regional Settlement Trajectories This difference highlights the flexibility of imperial tactics, particularly Contrasting Architecture: Intended Use Comparing Activities: Actual Use Defense Production Storage Residential Ceremony and Feasting Specialized Activities Changes in the Southeastern Inka Frontier The Porous Military Frontier The Southeastern Inka Frontier in a Comparative Overview The Inka Frontier in Northern Ecuador The Inka Frontier in Northwestern Argentina The Inka Frontier in Southern Chile Dynamics of the Ancient Inka Imperial Frontiers