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Contemporary Chinese diasporas

Intra-Asian Chinese Migrations: A Historical Overview The Chinese Trade Diaspora and Huashang-Dominated Intra-Asian Migration Pre-Nineteenth-Century Maritime Commerce The Role of the Imperial Chinese State The Fall of the Chinese Empire: Semicolonialism and Huagong Migration Huagong (Chinese Labor) to Southeast Asia Precolonial vs. Colonial Chinese Migration Developments After World War II Decolonization, Nation-State-Building and Restrictive Immigration Economic Development and Contemporary Migration Trends Undocumented or Clandestine Chinese Immigration Discussion and Conclusion Notes I New Chinese Diasporas in Africa The Politics of Chineseness in South Africa: From Apartheid to 2015 Multiple Chinese Communities Early Chinese Immigration from Guangzhou Immigration from Taiwan New Chinese Migration from Mainland China White Enough, Not Black Enough Chinese as “Honorary Whites”“Chinese Now Black!”Taiwanese South Africans Cheap South African Passports Political Participation New Chinese Migrants: Love Affair with the ANC Rising China and Its Influence on South Africa New Chinese Migrants and the ANC Conclusion: Becoming South African or Using Chineseness to Get Ahead?Notes References Chinese Traders in Ghana: The Liminality Trap, and Challenges for Ethnic Formation and Integration Introduction: The Chinese Paradox in Africa Chinese Migration to Ghana The Early Years: Manufacturers from Hong Kong, and Trading Representatives from Taiwan and Mainland China The Age of Trade Liberalization: Trading Entrepreneurs from Mainland China Regulatory Framework and Business Environment in Trade The Chinese Trade Cluster of Accra: Matured but Not Institutionalized Migration, Ritual Passage and Liminality: Some Theoretical Considerations Chinese Traders in Accra: Entrepreneurial Sojourning as Ritual Journey Separation: Entrepreneurs Embarking on a Ritual Journey The Nature of Liminality: Trials and Hardships Transforming Personalities: Alienation through Adaption Liminality Without Communitas In the Liminality Trap: Neither Reintegration in China Nor Integration in Ghana The Point of No Return: Chinese Ways Unlearned Rejecting the Second Option: Integration in Africa Denial of Access: Ghana Is No Immigration Country for Chinese No Way Out of Liminality without Proper Achievement Conclusion Interviews Notes References Integration of Newcomers into Local Communities: An Analysis of New Chinese Immigrants in Zimbabwe A Historical Overview of Chinese Immigration to Zimbabwe Earlier Chinese Immigrants and Their Offspring General Trends among New Chinese Immigrants The New Chinese Community and Its Development in Harare Place of Residence Centers of Economic Activity Chinese Associations Chinese-Language Media Constraints on Social Integration The Language Barrier Self-Isolation Patterns of Intimate Relationships Intergroup Perceptions between New Chinese Immigrants and Zimbabweans New Chinese Immigrants’ Perceptions of Zimbabweans Zimbabweans’ Perceptions of New Chinese Immigrants Seeking to Integrate Adapting to Local Behavioral Patterns Fulfilling Social Responsibilities Engaging Locals by Organizing Large-Scale Cultural or Sports Activities Conclusion Notes II New Chinese Diasporas in Asia Debating Integration in Singapore, Deepening the Variegations of the Chinese Diaspora Immigration and Integration in Singapore Immigration Trends and Tensions in Singapore Integration Initiatives and Expectations in Singapore Integration from the Perspective of New Chinese Immigrants Characteristics of New Immigration from China to Singapore Attitudes of New Chinese Immigrants toward Integration Coethnic Tensions and Social Prejudice Experienced by New Chinese Immigrants Cohort Distinctions among New Chinese Immigrants Conclusion References Chinese Migrant Communities in South Korea: Old Huaqiao, Chaoxianzu and Xin Yimin Chinese Migrations to South Korea The Influx of Chaoxianzu The Migrations of Xin Yimin Life and Work in Korea Changing Cultural and Social Landscape Conclusion Notes The Formation and Development of the Contemporary Chinese Diaspora in Japan Recent Trends in Migration from the People’s Republic of China to Japan Historical Overview of Immigration to Japan Contemporary Chinese Immigration to Japan Spatial Distribution of New Chinese Migrants The Formation and Development of the Contemporary Chinese Diaspora in Japan Demographic Change Patterns of Economic Integration among New Chinese Migrants The Changing Structure of the Ethnic Community The Impact of Chinese Immigrants on Local Society Becoming Japanese?Identity Formation Transformation at the Local Level Conclusion Note References Chinese Immigration to the Philippines since the Late 1970s Driving Forces behind International Migration: Theoretical Backgrounds Chinese Migration to the Philippines A Historical Overview New Arrivals: Numbers and Types Why Migrate: Social Capital and Push-Pull Forces Social Capital: History, Culture and Network Push Forces from China Pull: Opportunity and Comparative Advantage Chinatown: Land of Dreams Community Transformation Conclusion Notes References Ethnicized Networks and Local Embeddedness: The New Chinese Migrant Community in Cambodia A Historical Overview of the Chinese Community in Cambodia Earlier Development Intragroup Diversity The Socioeconomic Niche of the Sino-Khmer Community The New Chinese Migrant Community Today New Migrants from Taiwan New Migrants from Neighboring ASEAN Countries New Migrants from Mainland China New Migrants from Hong Kong and Macau Network-Building and Local Embeddedness: The Case of Gangshang Networking within the Gangshang Community Networking with Other Chinese Communities Networking with the Chinese Government Networking with the Homeland Networking with Ethnic Chinese Communities from ASEAN Countries Cross-Ethnic Networking with the Cambodian Regime Entrepreneurship or Crony Capitalism?Conclusion Notes References New Chinese Diasporas in Oceania Rediscovering the New Gold Mountain: Chinese Immigration to Australia Since the Mid-1980s Perspectives on Chinese Immigration to Australia Opening Two Tightly Closed Doors The Joint Effects of International Education Policies The Chinese Student Issue of 1989 China’s Post-Deng Reform and Australia’s Responses Settling Down in the New Gold Mountain The New Demography of the Chinese Community China-Related Businesses and the Community’s Prosperity Conclusion References New Chinese Immigration to New Zealand: Policies, Immigration Patterns, Mobility and Perception Setting the Scene: Early Chinese Immigration to New Zealand New Chinese Immigrants in New Zealand The Homeland Factor The “Open-Door” Immigration Policy in New Zealand Seeking “Greener Pastures”? Reasons for Immigrating Diversified Immigration Paths Pyramid, Educational Background and Employment Status Here and There: Transnational Migratory Mobility Conclusion: New Chinese Immigrants in a Bicultural New Zealand Notes References New Chinese Diasporas in Europe Identity Formation and Social Integration: Creating and Imagining the Chinese Community in Prague, the Czech Republic Formation of the Chinese Community in Czechia since 1989 Settlement Strategies of Czech Chinese Chinese Community Formation Integration and Intergenerational Differences among Czech Chinese Connection with Homeland Social Integration Conclusion Notes References New Chinese Immigrants in Spain: The Migration Process, Demographic Characteristics and Adaptation Strategies The Migration Process The Earlier Waves New Chinese Migration Reopening the Chinese Emigration Door and Its Consequences in Zhejiang Changes in Immigration Policy in Spain Size and Composition Economic Activities The Catering Business Made in China Newly Emerged Economic Sectors Social Challenges and Adaptation Strategies Conclusion Notes References Chinese Student Migration and Community-Building: An Exploration of New Diasporic Formation in England Chinese Student Diaspora: Why Does It Matter?Perspectives on Student Migrants Conceptual Framework and Research Design The Impact of Chinese Student Migration on Local Chinese Communities Chinese Students and Coethnic Residents across England Transformation of the Chinese Community in Nottingham Scope and Function of Social Networking among Chinese Students Discussion Conclusion and Implications Notes References New Chinese Diasporas in the Americas New Chinese Migrants in Latin America: Trends and Patterns of Adaptation Background and Trends Family Migration Migration along Abnormal Paths New and Old Chinese Migrants Glimpses of New Chinese Migrants’ Lives Concluding Remarks References The Chinese Presence in Cuba: Heroic Past, Uncertain Present, Open Future An Uncertain Present An Open Future POSTCRIPT Notes References The Making of New Chinese Immigrants in Canada Early Chinese Immigration and Racialization Emergence of Canada’s New Chinese Immigrants Three Waves of New Arrivals Forces in the Making of New Chinese Immigrants China’s University Graduates and Chinese Students as Potential Immigrants PRC Immigrants in Canada’s Labor Market Profiles of New Chinese Immigrants Income Level of New Chinese Immigrants Self-Employment among New Chinese Immigrants Income Disparity between PRC Immigrants and White Immigrants Conclusion Notes References Immigrant Entrepreneurship and Diasporic Development: The Case of New Chinese Migrants in the USA Causes and Consequences of Entrepreneurship: An Alternative Framework for Analysis Past and Present Trends in Chinese Immigration The Old-Timers The New Arrivals Immigrant Entrepreneurship and Diasporic Development Entrepreneurship and Ethnic Organization Migrant Integration through Ethnicization Conclusion Notes References

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