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The Caspian Sea Chessboard. Geo-Political, Geo-Strategic, and Geo-Economic Analysis
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The Caspian Sea Chessboard. Geo-Political, Geo-Strategic, and Geo-Economic Analysis
I What is at Stake: Transnational Issues
Caspian ‘Sea’1 and Its International Legal Status
Historical background of international legal status of Caspian ‘sea’
Doctrinal overview of international legal status and regulations that may apply to the Caspian ‘sea’
Legal issues of the delimitation of the Caspian as an important element of the future international legal status
Conclusions
Militarization of the Caspian Sea: Naval Arms Race and Conflicting Interests
Naval history of the Caspian Sea
s: Emergence of new naval actors
s: Initiatives for naval cooperation
End of 2000s and beginning 2010s: Acceleration to the full-scale arms-race in the Caspian Sea?
Conclusions
Energy Infrastructure Protection and the Caspian Offshore
Energy infrastructures as a key asset
Origin of threats to energy infrastructures
Context and infrastructure protection
Security threats in the Caspian context
Countermeasures and challenges ahead
Conclusions
Escaping the Tragedy of the Commons: Environmental Cooperation in the Caspian Sea
The tragedy of the commons
The Caspian as a ‘transnational common’
Evidence of the ‘tragedy’: depletion and degradation of Caspian resources
Sea level and salinity
Hydrocarbons
Fisheries and marine animal population
Other forms of pollution
Environmental security: the existing Caspian cooperation framework
Climate change: dealing with an uncertain, global problem
Conclusions
II Litoral States’ Perceptions and Policies
The Importance of the Caspian Sea to Azerbaijan: Opportunities, Challenges and Prospects
Restoration of Azerbaijan’s independence and the emergence of new coastal state on the Caspian Sea
Geostrategic importance of the Caspian Sea for Azerbaijan
The Caspian Sea resources and their importance for Azerbaijan’s economy
Impact of the Caspian Sea as the factor in the formation of Azerbaijan’s foreign policy
Azerbaijan’ perception on regional cooperation: the existing and potential opportunities
Conclusions
Russia in the Caspian Region: An Attempt to Preserve an Inherited Role
USSR demise as the foundation for Russia’s inherited role and its new claims in regional energy dynamics
Russia’s interests in the oil sector
Russia’s interests in the gas sector
Conclusions
Iran’s Policy in Caspian Sea Basin and beyond: The Great Game 2.0
Iran’s security environment and relationship with Caspian Basin countries
Survival and religion: Iran’s winning hand in Middle East
Conclusions
Geopolitics of Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan in the Caspian Region
Policies of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan over the issues of determining the status of the Caspian Sea
Position of Turkmenistan on the international status of the Caspian Sea.
Kazakhstan’s position on the international status of the Caspian Sea.
Conclusions
III Interests and Policies of Global and Regional Actors
On Regions and Regional Framings: The Missing Link between the European Union and the Caspian Sea Basin
It’s all about energy
Assessing the nature of the Caspian Basin
EU and the Caspian Basin: the importance of a regional approach
Conclusions
The Caspian Sea Basin in United States Strategic Thinking and Policies
Engaging the Caspian: Clinton Administration strategic thinking and policies
Bush Administration’s ‘security first’ approach toward the Caspian
Obama Administration’s Caspian policy: reinventing regional commitment
Conclusions: the Caspian Basin in US strategic thinking
Chinese ‘Good Neighborhood Policy’ and Energy Diplomacy toward the Caspian Sea
The rationale of Chinese approach toward the Caspian Sea area
China’s energy supply needs
Chinese imports from the Caspian area
China-Turkmenistan: the end of Russian monopoly
China-Kazakhstan: Strategic partnership and even more
Accomplishments and setbacks
Turkey’s Policy towards the Caspian Sea Region: Widenining Gap between Ankara’s Expectations and Capabilities
Principles of Turkey’s foreign policy towards the Caspian Sea region
Geo-strategic and diplomatic dimensions of Turkey’s Caspian Sea policy
Geo-economic and energy dimensions of Turkey’s Caspian Sea policy
Geo-cultural dimension of Turkey’s Caspian Sea policy
Institutional framework of Turkey’s relations with the Caspian region
Turkey’s performance and the widening gap between its expectations and capabilities
Conclusions
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