Reengineering community development for the 21st century

Preface and Acknowledgments Acknowledgments Donna Fabiani and Terry F. Buss Where the Action Is in Community Development Community Development Financial Institutions Evolving Roles of Mission-Focused and Mainstream Financial Organizations: Implications for the Scale and Sustainability of CDFIs Financial Industry Developments and Trends Future Niche of CDFIs Methodology Interactions Between CDFIs and Mainstream Financial Institutions Implications for the Scale and Sustainability of CDFIs Conclusion When Subsidy Becomes Scarce: Rethinking Community Development Finance I: CDLF and CDVC Structures and Current Activities П. Challenges Facing the Field III: Opportunities and Industry Response Conclusions CDFIs “Make the Market” for Charter School Facilities Financing Public Charter Schools Defined Why Charters?What CDFIs Have Accomplished Role of the Public Sector The Future of CDFIs in the Charter Market Conclusion The Case for the Community Partner in Economic Development The Investment Vehicle and the Community Partner Relationship Case Studies Research Design Issues for Measuring CDFI Performance and Impact CDFI Borrower-Investee Types, Product Groups, and Product Lines Unit of Analysis: Household or Firm Versus Neighborhood or Community Experimental Methods for Impact Evaluation of CDFI Product Lines Quasi-Experimental Methods for Measuring Impact Measuring Structural Impacts via Financial Output Variables Research Methodology and Data Availability in Key CDFI Product Lines Conclusions and Implications for Policy Note Social Performance Measurement for CDFI Banks Approaches to Performance Measurement Social Performance Measurement Publicly Available Performance Data Application of SPMs to CDFI Banks Conclusions Note Asset Building Stubborn and Persistent Lending Disparities Literature Review and Introduction Research Findings Programmatic and Policy Responses to Steering and Abusive Lending NCRC's Consumer Rescue Fund Recommendations The Assets Framework: Moving Toward Transformative Transactions Community Development Finance CDFI Theory Coastal Enterprises, Inc.: A History and Profile Common Themes Where Next?Connecting Asset Building and Community Development Assets Were a Springboard for Upward Mobility in Yesterday's America The Benefits and Costs of Current Federal Assets Policy Why Do Assets Matter Today?IDAs and the American Dream Demonstration Confidence, Competence, Connections, and – Capital What Is Community Development? Economic Development? Community Economic Development?How Does Entrepreneurship Fit Into the Economic Development Process?The Nexus of Asset Building and Community Economic Development Promising Ideas, Tools, and Programs to Build Assets and Renew Communities Promising Federal and State Asset-Building Policies Conclusion Notes Innovation in State Government: Pennsylvania's Financial Education Office Origin Operations Lessons Learned Closing Capacity Building and Citizen Engagement Community Capacity Building Through Strategic Philanthropy at the United Way UWA Strategic Philanthropy Heritage United Way Note Building Community Capacity Through Multisector Collaborations Detroit LISC Planning at the Neighborhood Level Strategic Investment Areas: A New Planning and Investment Model Planning Collaboratively Measuring Success in Multisector Collaboration – Lessons Learned Southern Bancorp's Model for Community Economic Development: The Delta Bridge Project Southern Bancorp Theory of Change Phillips County, Arkansas The Delta Bridge Project Results from the Delta Bridge Project Conclusion Effective Civic Engagement Lessons from the Seattle School District – A Memoir Anti-Busing Initiative on the November 1989 Ballot Citizen Involvement Mission Seattle Education Summit Conclusion Federal Policy Reforming CDBG: An Illusive Quest The CDBG Program Strengthening America's Communities Initiative Performance Measurement System Reform CDBG Formula Upgrading IDIS Reforming the Consolidated Plan Rethinking Federal Low-Income Housing Policies Rebuilding the Intellectual Foundations of Housing Policy Reforming Housing Policy Conclusion Note Smart Growth and Land Use Smart Growth and Community Investment: Confronting Suburban Decline in Baltimore The Emergence of Suburban Decline Baltimore County Confronts Suburban Decline Political Realities and Economic Imperatives of Smart Growth Future Prospects Notes Positive Cycling: Riding Our Bicycles Down the Path to Community Development Success The Theory of Positive Cycling The Ultimate Bicycle-Friendly Community How to Create the Ultimate Bicycle-Friendly Community Key Institutions What Some Communities Have Achieved – Three Case Studies The Future Affordable Housing Aging-Out and Foster Care: Housing Policy Child Welfare and Poor Housing Outcomes for Aging-Out Youth Reconceiving Child Welfare as Community Development Conclusion Would the Adoption of Land Value Taxation Drive Down the Price of Land and Increase Housing Affordability?Externalities Abound Where We Are Today The Future Under a Land Value Taxation Regime Conclusion Note Crime and Development Crime's Impact on the Viability of Young Urban Small Businesses The Controversy and the Evidence The CBO Database and Specification of Submarkets in Urban Areas Market Segments in Which Serious Crime Most Directly Impacts Young Firms Concluding Remarks Appendix 22.1. The CBO Data Note Courts, Equity, and Community Development Crime as a Deterrent to Successful Community Redevelopment Communities and Crime: Historical Underpinnings on the British Isles Historical Underpinnings of the Relationship Between Communities and Crime Restorative Justice Initiatives in the United States The Community in Community Development Restorative Justice Initiatives Appendix: Redevelopment's Trend Away from Eminent Domain BIDs and MADs – Partnering with the Community Loan Programs Equity Funds – Double Bottom Line Investments Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits Incentive Zones – Tax and Financial Incentives The Layering Effect of Multiple Incentives About the Editors and Contributors