≫

Tourism Development in Japan: Themes, Issues and Challenges

Introduction Tourism in Japan: a historical perspective The roots of Japanese tourism: the early years The expansion of domestic and incoming tourism: 1868-1940 The post-war years to the 1990s From 1997 to the present: growing inbound tourism Structure of the book Notes References Tourism research on Japan - overview of major trends: Japanese and English-language materials Introduction Japanese language research publications Early stages of tourism research published in Japanese Research trends from the 1980s Trends in articles in tourism journals English language research publications Review of English-based publications - hooks and articles Books and articles providing overviews on Japan's tourism development Characteristics identified by period Works published in 1980s and 1990s Works published in the 2000s and from 2010 onwards International engagement Social change and tourism Heritage tourismlhistory Popular culture Sustainability/conservation Disaster and reconstruction - issues associated with the 3.11 East Japan earthquake and tsunami Discussion Notes References Urban development and tourism in Japanese cities Introduction Urban tourism and urban space Urban tourism development: a review Issues in rhe process of urban tourism development Urban development history and urban tourism development in Japan From post-war to the end of the 1970s The 1980s and 1990s: a time of expansion and collapse The 2000s: a time of globalization and urban decline The current situation of urban tourism in Japan Urban tourism destinations Kanko machizukuri movement The formation of urban tourism spaces in Kyoto Concluding remarks Acknowledgement Notes References Transition of forest tourism policies in Japanese national forest management Introduction National forests and forest tourism National forests, recreational forests anil forest tourism Transition in post-war national forest management and forest tourism policies The late 1950s to mid 1960s: the stage of passive approaches The late 1960s to 1970s: establishment of the forest park system in national forest management The 1980s: expansion of the scale of forest tourism development following the financial difficulties facing national forest management The 1990s and later: failure of the large-scale resort development project and bankruptcy of the national forest system New developments Appearance of the forests for people’Overview of forest park reform measures Characteristics of the new developments Discussion Conclusion Notes References A systematic review of sport tourism research in Japan Introduction Methods Results and discussion The number of articles and years of publication Research methods Research themes Conclusion Note References Mobilizing stoke: A genealogy of surf tourism development in Miyazaki, Japan Introduction Drawing a picture on the land: manufacturing Miyazaki’s surf aesthetic (1930-1950s)Japan's Hawai’i: the honeymoon boom and surfing’s emergence (1960-1970s)‘Japan made’: Seagaia Ocean Dome, Miyazaki Pro and typhoon Orchid (1980-2000s)Surf City Miyazaki: the convergence of surf culture and tourism (2010-the present)Gendered development: the feminization of surf capital Global cultural gentrification: surf style for the new transnational economy Japan's domestic geopolitics: surf tourism reinforcing rural-urban disparities Surf tourism development in Japan: where next?Acknowledgements Notes References Japan’s mountain tourism at a crossroads: Insights from the North Japan Alps'Mountains as tourism destinations and the case of the North Japan Alps: an overview A brief note on data collection and analysis Outline of the study area: North Japan Alps: Kamikochi and Hakuba Transition of mountain landscapes, trivialization of place and tourism impacts Contemporary challenges for sustainable mountain tourism: unfinished business in an era of environmental uncertainty Conclusion Notes References International exchange in tea tourism Reconceptualizing: Japanese green tourism for sustainable farming communities Introduction The Japanese concept of green tourism A conceptual framework of Japanese green tourism through the lens of tea tourism International exchange in green tourism: the case of tea farmers’ interaction in Tawara Green tourism in Tawara The tea farmers exchange program Lessons learned from the tea farmers exchange Sustaining farming communities through international exchanges in green tourism Education networks Business networks Green tourism and the SDGs Reconceptualizing Japanese green tourism: opportunities and challenges Conclusion References Pilgrimage tourism in regional communities: The case of Tanabe City and Kumano Kodo Introduction Spirituality in contemporary society Secularization and the ‘privatization of religion’Contemporary spirituality in Japan Contemporary spirituality and pilgrimage tourism The pilgrimage tradition in Japan Characteristics of Japanese pilgrimage Historical outline of Japanese pilgrimage Pilgrimage in contemporary Japanese tourism Pilgrimage sites as tourism destinations The importance of the UNESCO World Heritage designations Contemporary spirituality and its influence on tourism Case study: Kumano Kodo and the community of Tanabe city General outline of Tanabe city Establishment of the Kumano Tourism Bureau and development of inbound tourism Sustainable tourism development and regional community Conclusions References Confronting difficult pasts: The case of ‘kamikaze’ tourism Introduction Dark tourism, peace and reconciliation Kamikaze: the historical context Commemorating the kamikaze: Chiran Peace Museum Uzurano: a dark tourism site for peace?Conclusion Acknowledgement References Whaling heritage and tourism development - ‘sliced, diced and boiled down’Introduction Japanese whaling: entrenched positions Anti-whaling (activism) and anti-anti-whaling (alternative activism)Ineffective activism, PR failures and misinformation Negative perceptions anil impact on tourism Japanese and international whaling: a brief history Whale war Japanese whaling in the 19th century Exploding Wests and Japan's whales Melville’s prophetic call Gold vs. whales Whaling heritage and tourism in Japan: creating a symbiotic relationship Developing the project Progress and relevance to tourism industry Conclusion Notes References Debating sustainability in tourism development: Resilience, traditional knowledge and community: a post-disaster perspective Introduction Resilience and sustainable tourism Resilience as a co-transformative process Community resilience in rural communities: social capital, reciprocity with people and land Resilience and traditional ecological knowledge Tourism for sustainable community development: a framework for development Traditional knowledge for sustainable tourism development: cases from Iwate, Japan History of earthquakes and tsunami in the region Tsunami-stones and Sanriku Fukko National Park Ban-ya at Tsukuehania (Traditional Fishin}’ Sheds) (Tanohata, bvate Prefecture)Local Carpentry and Sumita Model (Sumita, Iwate Prefecture)Bahan, Horse Logging (Ryori, Ofunato, Iwate Prefecture)Conclusion: tourism for social and environmental sustainability Notes References International tourists in Japan: Their increasing numbers and vulnerability to natural hazards Introduction Inbound tourism in Japan Natural disasters in Japan International tourists and natural disasters in Japan The case of the 2018 Osaka earthquake: overview International tourists' responses to the earthquake Challenges in an era of rapid growth in international tourism Conclusion Acknowledgements References The expansion of peer-to-peer accommodation rentals in Japan: Issues and challenges Introduction The global expansion of P2P accommodation P2P accommodations in Japan Recent tourism development in Japan The change in accommodation laws and the enactment of the P2P accommodation law The case of Kyoto Conclusion References Postscript

Next chapter

Introduction Tourism in Japan - from the past to the present