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Air Transport and Regional Development Policies

Measuring the quality of air transport networks – a topology of connectivity and accessibility metrics Introduction Defining accessibility and connectivity Overview and classification of air network metrics Connectivity metrics for air transport Centrality-type connectivity measures Feasible-link connectivity measures Link-quality connectivity measures Accessibility metrics Using accessibility and connectivity metrics Conclusion Summary of connectivity models Centrality-type connectivity measures Degreeness-type metrics DEGREENESS GROSS VERTEX CONNECTIVITY ‘CRISTEA AND DANILA’ CONNECTIVITY CLOSENESS/SHORTEST-PATH-LENGTH CONNECTIVITY Feasible-link connectivity measures 'Doganis and Dennis' connectivity ‘Seredynski’ connectivity Link-quality connectivity measures ‘Bootsma’ connectivity ‘Danesi’ connectivity Weighted number of connections (WNX)Netscan connectivity Continuous connectivity index (CCI)‘Jenkins’ connectivity Airport connectivity quality index (ACQI)Global connectivity index (GCI)Notes References The airport dependency index Introduction Airport dependency Data and methodology Results Airport dependency index LCC and dependency Conclusion Notes References Changing airport governance and regulation: the regional aspect Introduction Privatisation of airports Airport competition Regulatory institutions Structural regulation of European Airports Efficiency incentives Cost efficiency and quality of service Allocative efficiency Investment Regulating commercial revenues Conclusion Acknowledgements Notes References Air traffic control policy framework advancements vis-à-vis regional airports Introduction Structure of the ATC market in Europe European air navigation service providers policy framework Provision of air navigation services at airports Terminal air navigation services (TANS)Remote towers Conclusion Notes References A comparative analysis of policies to support air connectivity in remote regions Introduction Air connectivity in remote areas policies Route-based policies Public service obligations (PSOs): European Union, Norway, and the United States Traffic distribution rules: India Passenger-based policies: France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom Airline-based policies: Colombia and Malaysia Impact of ACRA policies Eligible routes Adequacy of service levels and fares The scope of competition Within-country heterogeneity Degree of congruity between policy objectives and results Summary of results ACRA policies applied in Northern European countries, the US and Colombia ACRA policies applied in Southern European countries, India and Malaysia ACRA policies applied in Greece and Portugal Conclusion References Aviation subsidies in Europe and regional development Introduction Background Different definitions of subsidies Subsidies along the aviation value chain Objectives for granting subsidies — and for agreements on subsidy limitations Airline subsidies General subsidies for airlines Subsidies for airlines serving particular markets Airport subsidies Classification of airports Potential effects of subsidies and policy implications Legal framework in the European Union Conclusion Notes References Subsidies to promote air transport connectivity when carriers have market power: passenger-based policies versus route-based policies Introduction The model Passenger-based policy: discount to residents Ad valorem subsidy for resident passengers Specific subsidy for resident passengers Ad valorem subsidy versus specific subsidy fior resident passengers Route-based policy Specific subsidy for residents versus specific subsidy for all passengers in the route: theoretical approach Specific subsidy for residents versus specific subsidy for all passengers in the route: numerical illustration Other advantages of the route-based policy Conclusion Notes References Public service obligations in air transport: the situation in the UK Introduction The background to EU PSOs EU guidance on the imposition of PSOs Eligibility Necessity Type EU requirements for the selection of a PSO airline How PSOs have been imposed across the EU and the UK The imposition of PSOs in the UK The process of making a business case for PSOs in the UK PSO case studies in the UK Dundee Cornwall Londonderry Conclusions and future developments Acknowledgements References Aviation Guidelines 2014 and the strategies of member states: the assessment of notified state aid cases Introduction The evolution of supranational regulatory framework for state aid to airports in the EU The notified state aid to airports cases according to the Aviation Guidelines 2014 Investment state aid cases The operating state aid cases The cases of start-up state aid to airlines Services in general economic interest (SGEI)A new context of state aid Conclusion Acknowledgement Notes References State aid to low-cost airlines: worthwhile if durable?Introduction Modelling of state aid for secondary airports Conclusion Appendix A Concavity of the airline carrier’s programme Appendix B Proof of proposition 2 Appendix C Proof of proposition 3 Notes References Towards a method to assess the role of online marketing campaigns in the airline–airport–destination authority triangular business relationship: the case of Athens Tourism Partnership Introduction The inner workings of the tripartite relationship Mapping the airline, airport and destination authorities’ cost and revenue structure Emerging conflicts and transaction costs A method to evaluate the impact of online marketing campaigns The case of the Athens Tourism Partnership The essence of the partnership Setting the fundamentals to measure the effects of the ATP online marketing campaign Conclusion References A case study of the politics of airport construction: the new Berlin Airport Introduction Aviation policy in Berlin and Brandenburg following reunification Attempted privatisation and failure with a BOT model A new organisation to build the airport under the owners’ control Public planning requirements that complicated the construction process Major changes and technical alterations to the original plan during construction Problems related to expected delays in the opening of the airport Operational difficulties following the breaking of contractual relations Operational difficulties and further management changes Rising cost of construction and financial implications Insufficient capacity as time passed A review of the major mistakes Conclusion Acknowledgement Notes References The impact of passenger taxes: the UK air passenger duty case Introduction The economic rationale for air travel taxes Air passenger duty in the UK The effect of the APD on consumer behaviour in the UK The effect of APD on the number of departures front the UK Willingness to pay for the APD The effect of APD on the budget allocation of consumers Conclusion References Noise assessment of local airports: the case of Milan Bergamo Introduction Aircraft noise exposure estimates Milan Bergamo Airport (BGY)Noise-reduction and -mitigation measures Reduction of noise at the source Land-use and planning management Noise-abatement operational procedures Operating restrictions on air traffic Noise-reduction and -mitigation implemented measures Aircraft noise evolution at local airports Conclusion Notes References

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Introduction