≫

Are SDGs a myth?: Industrial Development and Water Pollution in India

Environmental Performance Index of India Impact of pollution Perspectives on industrial pollution Sustainable development Sustainable development goals (SDGs)Industrial development, water pollution and the SDGs: intersections Sustainable development goals: the Indian context SDG Index India: 2018-19 and 2019-20 References Economic performance of the states Economic performance of the states: post-liberalisation Data and methodology Contribution of the states to national GDP Growth rate of GSDP Per capita GSDP Sectoral composition of GSDP Agriculture and allied products Industrial sector Service sector Contribution of the manufacturing sector to the industrial GSDP Growth rate of the industrial manufacturing sector GSDP Selection of state for further disaggregated level analysis Notes References Industrial policies in Gujarat Introduction Industrial policies from 1971 to 2000: fiscal incentives to promote industrial development Industrial policy 2003: achieving global competitiveness Industrial Policy 2009: Gujarat as a preferred investment destination Industrial Policy 2015: Gujarat as a global hub for manufacturing Comparative analysis of industrial policies in Gujarat Comparative analysis of industrial policies: Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu Summing up Notes References Facets of industrial development in Gujarat Data and methodology Large-scale industries District-wise distribution of large-scale units Sector-wise distribution of large-scale units Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)District-wise distribution of MSMEs Sector-wise distribution of MSMEs Summing up: large-scale units and MSMEs Polluting units in Gujarat District-wise distribution of polluting units Distribution of units as per pollution potential and scale of investment Share of water polluting units Notes References Environmental governance Constitutional provisions for environment protection Environmental policies The regulatory framework for environmental protection Institutional framework Legislative framework Environmental permissions and standards Pollution charges Monitoring and enforcement Approaches for pollution control in India Approaches for pollution control in other countries Disclosure strategies Targeted approach Stricter regulation in consultation with industry Involving non-state actors Disclosure of environmental information Summing up Notes References Industrial water pollution: Communities, authorities and the courtsPolluted river stretches in the country Industrial water pollution: action by the communities to check pollution Environmental jurisprudence in the country Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum vs. Union of India & Ors Pravinbhai Jashbhai Patel et al. vs. State of Gujarat & Ors. ('Vatva Pollution Case')M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India & Ors. (Kanpur Tanneries Case)Pollution of the river Chaliyar by Grasim Industries, Kerala Pollution of the river Noyyal, Tamil Nadu Important principles cited by the courts The 'Precautionary principle'The 'polluter pays principle'The 'Public trust doctrine principle'The 'Absolute Liability principle'The 'Sustainable development principle'Critique of PIL as a tool for environmental protection Concluding remarks on pollution-related judgements National Green Tribunal How NCT is different from the courts Important judgements by the NGT Is closure a panacea?Notes References Ahmedabad: Impact of industrial development on the Sabarmati Data and methodology Major contributors to river pollution River water quality: upstream to downstream of the city Heavy metal pollution in the Sabarmati river Water quality in the Khari river (at Lali village)Impact of the pollution in downstream villages Conclusions Notes References Ahmedabad: Performance assessment of environmental infrastructure Data and methodology Polluting units in Ahmedabad Environmental infrastructure for industrial effluents CETPs in Ahmedabad Design of the CETPs Standards prescribed to the CETPs How effective are the CETPs in treating pollution?CETP Vatva BOD at the inlet and outlet of CETP Vatva COD at the inlet and outlet of CETP Vatva CETP Naroda BOD at the inlet and outlet of CETP Naroda COD at the inlet and outlet of CETP Naroda CETP Odhav Green Enviro Projects Association BOD at the inlet and outlet of CETP OCEPA COD at the inlet and outlet of CETP OCEPA Other CETPs in Ahmedabad CETP Odhav Enviro Projects Ltd. (OEPL)CETP Gujarat Vepari Maha Mandal CETP Narol Summary of the performance of all the CETPs in Ahmedabad Heavy metals pollution from the CETPs Environmental infrastructure for sewage treatment Deep sea discharge of industrial effluents: the new mantra?Discussion of the SDGs Notes Reference Surat: Impact of industrial development on water bodies Data and methodology Water quality in the Tapi River Creeks in Surat Water quality in the creeks Bhedwad Creek Kadodara Creek Koyli Creek Unn Creek Gabheni Creek Baleshwar Creek Summing up Notes References Surat: Performance assessment of environmental infrastructure Data and methodology Polluting industries in Surat Environmental infrastructure for industrial effluents CETPs in Surat Design of the CETPs and the standards prescribed How effective are the CETPs?CETP Pandesara BOD at the inlet and outlet of CETP Pandesara COD at the inlet and outlet of CETP Pandesara CETP Sachin Infra Environment Ltd. (SIEL)BOD at the inlet and outlet of CETP SIEL COD at the inlet and outlet of CETP SIEL CETP Globe Enviro Care Ltd. (GECL)BOD at the inlet and outlet of CETP CECL COD at inlet and outlet of CETP CECL Improved performance of the CETP SIEL and CETP GECL in 2016 and 2017 Other CETPs in Surat CETP Palsana Enviro Protection Ltd. (PEPL)CETP Gujarat Eco Textile Park Ltd. (CETPL)Summary of the performance of all the CETPs in Surat Environmental infrastructure for sewage treatment Discussion with the SDGs References Why the CETPs are ineffective Different effluents, same treatment in the CETPs Different inlet but same outlet norms for the CETPs Homogenous versus heterogeneous effluents Polluting industry owners as CETP managers Cost sharing and economics of treatment Monitoring data to information: missing link Weak enforcement Notes References Industrial development and water pollution: The quest for SDGsData systems Environmental management information systems Environmental concerns in the state industrial policies Sustainable development and environmental jurisprudence SDGs and industrial development SDGs and the water pollution Quality of water bodies receiving industrial effluents Effectiveness of pollution control mechanisms Concentration-based standards versus total pollution load Pollution prevention versus end-of-pipe Need to strengthen existing approaches for pollution control Need to strengthen regulatory institutions Performance of India on the Global SDG Index 2019 SDG Index India 2018–19 and 2019–20 Are SDGs a myth?References Appendix I Performance of the CETPs—OEPL, GVMM and Narol in Ahmedabad Appendix II Tapi river water quality: Upstream and downstream of Surat city (Monthly Details)Appendix III Performance of the CETPs—PEPL and GETPL in Surat

Next chapter

Introduction