Blockchain for the Security and Privacy of IoT-Based Smart Homes

Somya Coyal

Manipal University Jaipur, India and Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India

Sudhir Kumar Sharma

Institute of Information Technology and Management, India

Pradeep Kumar Bhatia

Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, India

Introduction

The Internet of Things (IoT) has given people a gift, in the “smart home,” which is a coordinated living arrangement that offers increased comfort and convenience. Smart homes can expand personal satisfaction. Inside a smart home, a system interconnects various devices, such as cell phones, sensors, and actuators. This immense, smart system is based on the IoT. Smart home frameworks find an enormous scope of utilization in our day-to-day lives, which has become a focal point of fascination for both clients and designers. The applications include monitoring, home automation, health care, and so on. The worldwide market for smart homes is constantly developing.

A smart home is an IoT-based system linking heterogenous devices, which can make people’s life more pleasant [1]. Blockchain innovation is supplementing the smart home framework, on account of its decentralization, straightforwardness, adaptability, and versatility [2]. The blockchain-based smart home biological system can be seen as a four-layer structure. This structure includes an IoT sensor layer or information source layer, a blockchain layer, a smart home layer, and a user interface layer or customer layer [3]. The IoT sensor layer or information source includes sensors to monitor the state, condition, and occupants of a smart home. As an example, an indoor thermostat can be introduced to this layer, to quantify and manage room temperature. Closed-circuit TV (CCTV) could be another constituent of this layer. Information gathered from these sources is united and stored on a unified server or in some decentralized environment, for example, the blockchain [4]. Blockchain innovation is at the top of the information sources. It has two significant parts: the blockchain information structure and the smart contract. Hash values cryptographically interface blocks. A miner (a home server) is responsible for confirming and adding new transactions to new blocks, while smart contracts adhere to predefined guidelines and encourage decentralized transactions [5]. The smart home layer is made to encourage different smart home applications. These include, for example, information commercial center, get to the executives, homecare and social insurance interoperability, and mechanized utility installment and smart city administrations. At the height of the progression comes the user interface UI customer layer, which permits outside partners to profit from blockchain-based smart home applications, for example, a microgrid, retail shops, specialist co-ops, security devices, and so on. The general engineering is contained, so as to counter the protection and security issues of smart home applications [6]. It is essentially comprised of smart agreements, private blockchains, and open blockchains. Smart agreements are built into the devices of a smart home; at the main layer, this implies specifically IoT information sources. Private blockchains permit safe communication among the devices inside the home [7]. An open blockchain is connected for distributed correspondence between various smart homes. This engineering permits the incorporation of block- chain inside the smart home design, to guarantee the security and protection of the smart home.

As shown, research has contributed to protocol design and standards, payment gateways, and smart city projects [8]. But. the contribution to smart homes and ensuring the security of data and access to devices is an area for future research and experimentation [9].

This chapter makes the following contributions. It gives a thorough review' of the emerging technology: blockchain, in simplified terms. It explains the workings of blockchain and information blocks, w'ith their linking techniques. It proposes a case study of smart home security with blockchain, along with implementation and comparison to a traditional system, w'hich could raise the entire digital world into a higher dimension.

The chapter is organized as follows. Section 11.2 presents the central blockchain innovation and smart home application system. In Section 11.3, we provide contextual analysis with a case study of smart home security using blockchain. The subsections involve the model architecture proposed, its implementation, and an evaluation of the results. The work is concluded in Section 11.4, w ith remarks on the possible future scope of this technology.