Appendix V. AY3 Japanese L1. Writing Texts

AY3 Japanese LI. Writing Texts: Errors Have Not Been Corrected

Writing 3

The ELI is a good place to study English as a foreign language. I would like to point out 3 major reasons for that. First, because students of the ELI came from more than 14 different countries all over the world, each student has to use English to communicate each other. If most part of students came from single country, students likely spoke their own mother language to communicate among the students. In this case, English progress of the students would be inhibited, since they loss their opportunity to speak English. “ I can make a friend from many countries, and 1 can get an opportunity to speak English,” ANON_NAME_0 said. Second, the activities outside the campus offer the students much an opportunities to learn English. In fact, there are many activities in the ELI, and the activities are just on the increase. Finally, the ELI has not only a single course like speaking but, all of English learning course including speaking, listening, writing, and grammar courses. This is an important point to note that Taking all these 5 courses would lead the students to fair and non-biased English progress. Actually, the largest group of the students, 66.67%, took all of 5 courses at a same semester. For these three reasons, it is naturally led to a conclusion that the ELI is on of the best institutes to study English as a foreign language.

My favorite food is vegetable soup, because I would like to improve my health. I really want to keep a balanced diet. I’d like to share with you the recipe of vegetable soup. First, lightly peel and slice a carrot in four 1cm thick round shapes and boil them. As in the case of the carrot, precook a white radish and a potato. Second, boil spinach in salted water. Drain and lightly squeeze out of water followed by cutting them into 5cm pieces. Next, slice chicken fillets into 2cm and boil them for about 5 minutes. Finally, add the carrots, the spinach, other vegetables and the chicken fillets to the soup and season the soup with soy sauce, pepper, and salt. Garnish with a lemon peel. It would be plain in tastes and nourishing broth. The soup contains a lot of vitamins and other essential nourishment. I will enjoy good health when I continue eating it.

(Continued)

Writing 4

There is limit to the Earth’s resources. We will cause exhaustion of resources if we continue using of the resources. We must ensure effective utilization of limited resource. To that end, we have to learn of recycle method. The three most commonly proposed solutions to this Earth’s resources problem are a garbage reduction, carry around eco-friendly goods and setting trash bin by category.

The first solution, we have to reduce as much as possible of the trash. For instance, we have to pay when take out the garbage. In doing so, we may stop wasting consumable goods such as tissues and paper dishes. Also, when we buy merchandise, we may carefully examine merchandise to check whether really necessary. This solution is taking good care of Earth’s resources.

Another solution, we must carry around eco-friendly goods. For example, when we go to shopping, we use eco-bag and we refrain from using plastic bags. As a result, the amount of garbage will has also been dramatically reduced. Also, most of Japanese supermarkets, we have to pay money for plastic bags. According to the Japanese government, since the introduction of system, the number of plastic bags used has decreased by 60 percent. We must think about switching from waste of resources to eco-friendly alternative.

The best solution, we have to separate the garbage. More specifically, it is increase the use of renewable Earth’s resources. Pet bottles, aluminum cans and paper can be recycled. We may save Earth’s resources by separating recycle from no recyclable trash. Cyclical use of resources is the most important solution.

As a conclusion, current our life styles rely on mass production, mass consumption and mass disposal. There will be depletion of the Earth’s natural resources. We have to bequeath a beautiful environment and valuable resources to subsequent generations. Therefore, we must lead environmental lifestyles. We need to incorporate recycling into daily life.

Japan often experiences natural disasters such as an earthquakes and typhoons due to its geographical and meteorological characteristics. In recent years in particular, many earthquakes and floods have struck the country. For this reason, people have become more anxious about natural disasters. The effects of the earthquake are a change our lifestyle and psychological damage.

Our lifestyle will be destroyed by the earthquake because a large number of houses destroy, and many people will force to evacuate their homes. The earthquake will have also cause serious damage to electric, gas and water supplies. The earthquake sometimes generates a tidal wave that crashed ashore and touch off mudslides. Therefore, it has blocked many roads and methods of transport. As a result, the earthquake will be transformed our lifestyle.

Most important effect, many people will be brought face to face with death. The earthquake causes sudden death of familiar person, relatives and pets. In consequence, victims suffer a great loss and psychological damage. In addition, victims are frightened by an aftershock. Thus they can’t go on grieving forever. At worst, these states of mind lead to post-traumatic stress disorder.

As a conclusion, direct damage from the earthquake exist in large numbers. Many people in Japan live in dread of earthquakes because Japan is prone to earthquakes. We predict the widespread damage from the large earthquake, and conduct an evacuation. We want to minimize damage when an earthquake occurs.

Writing 5

Abolition of the Death Penalty

Currently, About 60 countries provide a capital punishment system. In other words, more than two-thirds of the countries in the world have now abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Furthermore, this latter figure has been increasing each year partly due to efforts by the European Union, which has been trying to persuade countries to show greater respect for human rights. Many people think that the death penalty should be abolished in the world. Capital punishment should not be justified for any criminals.

In addition, the Japanese government has conducted an opinion poll on the country’s criminal law system. The research focused on capital punishment. More than 80 percent of the respondents accepted capital punishment. This is a 2-point rise from the last poll. It is the first time the number has exceeded 80 percent. These people said criminals should sacrifice their lives in return for the crimes they committed. On the other hand, only 6 percent disagreed with the system, saying criminals should continue to live and make reparations for their crimes. Many Japanese need to shake off conventional wisdom.

The first point, our faith in fundamental human rights should be reaffirmed. Every human has fundamental human rights. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), “Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person” (Article 3). It should not be allowed for anybody to deprive us of our right to live. In addition, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) found, “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment” (Article 5). Consequently, capital punishment must be regarded as homicide.

The Difference between Macintosh and Windows

Which operating system (O/S) do you use now? Why did you decide to use it? Currently, there are two kinds of O/S for our personal computers. One is Macintosh O/S, and the other is Windows O/S. When I bought my current computer, which is the Macintosh O/S, I seriously worried about which O/S was easily accessible for me. Ultimately! chose Macintosh over Windows. Because of the penetration rate, vulnerability to computer viruses, designs, and price.

First, according to Market Share (2009, May), the market share of Windows was 87.75% in May 2009, while that of Macintosh was only 9.81%. Based on this data, it is feasible to say that Windows has an apparently stronger share in the world. However, once we focus on share trends, interestingly, Macintosh’s share has been increasing and Windows’s share has been decreasing over time. Macintosh’s share was 4.43% in 2006, 6.48% in 2007, 7.83% in 2008, and 9.81% in this year. On the other hand, Windows’s share was 95.07% in 2006, 92.90% in 2007, 91.08% in 2008, and 87.75% this year.

Second, damages from computer viruses are seen as a threat to both types of computers. Once a virus attacks a computer, the cost is high to retrieve the data. According to C. Andrea, (2006, August 9), “About one in four Internet users said a virus infected their computer in the past two years, costing victims a median $109 to fix the problem, with some consumers reporting losses in the thousands of dollars. About one-third of those hit by viruses said the infection forced them to reformat their hard drives, 16% said they lost important data, and 8% had to replace hardware.” Therefore, vulnerability to computer viruses is one of the most important aspects for a computer. Based on this performance, Macintosh has an advantage compared to Windows. Because the share of Macintosh is small, viruses designed to attack Macintosh are rare. Thereby, it is possible to conclude the Macintosh has less possibility to be attacked by viruses.

(Continued)

How can you sentence a suspect to death? There are no perfect people. Therefore, the ruling handed down on the defendant is not always correct. It may be a false accusation unless there is a 100% guarantee or God needs to judge instead of humankind. No one can pronouncement of a perfect judgment. According to Burnett (2002, p. 19), some adjudication might be determined by police misleading investigational results and judges may have bad judgments. Capital punishment should not be administered even if there is a 1 in 100 chance of a false accusation. There is no mending, after someone was killed. This means that it is impossible to recover lives taken away by executions resulting from a miscarriage of justice.

Moreover, some people have assumed that the death penalty has a deterrent effect on a crime. In contrast, some people have claimed that abolishing capital punishment will not necessarily increase the number of serious crimes. Up to now, many experimental studies have been accomplished about capital punishment and the change in the crime rate in the U.S.A. However, the relation has not been established between the capital punishment system and the crime rate. In short, although retentionists argue that capital punishment is meaningful as a criminal policy due to its threatening power and deterrent effects on crime, there has been no scientific evidence for this argument. Moreover, according to Goertzel (2004), “The value of this research is shown by its success in demonstrating that capital punishment has not deterred homicide.” Furthermore, someone may commit a crime for the purposes of the death penalty. Therefore, if the death penalty is intended to prevent crime, it should be abolished immediately.

In addition, simple and sophisticated design is one of the fundamental features of the Macintosh machine. The weak point of the Macintosh machine is that only Apple Company can produce and assemble the Macintosh machine. However, many companies of all over the world provide many varieties of Windows machines. Consequently, we are able to choose our Windows machines from a large selection. It means that we can choose a Windows machine from a variety of them between low through high level design. Nevertheless, Macintosh machine I think has more sophisticated design than Windows machine on an average. However, this is purely subjective matter.

Finally, the consumer price of a computer is also one of the most important factors for consumers or end users. The prices of Macintosh machines are evidently higher than that of Windows machines with the same function. Though Macintosh has many advantages such as resistance to viruses and sophisticated design, this higher price is an important disadvantage, which cannot be passed over. We can easily find several Windows machine at a very cheap price.

As a conclusion, we have to put the advantage and disadvantage of both machines on a scale to decide which machine we will purchase. Windows machine has advantages in terms of a price and penetration rate. While, Macintosh machine has advantages of viral resistance and sophisticated design. One has advantages, which are the other’s disadvantages.

I eventually chosen Macintosh as my personal computer, because of its viral resistance and sophisticated design.

In another point, capital punishment definitely and inevitably takes away human life and dignity. No matter how it may be carried out, capital punishment itself can be said to be cruel. Everyone should have respect for human dignity. That means nobody can play God with other people’s lives. However, people are gone forever by use of government power. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), “Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law” (Article 6). Even the most hardened criminal must be endowed with inalienable rights. It is impermissible to kill someone who is categorized as a devil. No one has the right to kill anybody for any reason. Moreover, some do a revision when they cannot grow worse. We do not deprive someone of a chance to go straight. Therefore, all countries should not allow the death penalty.

Einally, if a government abolishes the death penalty, they may fall short of satisfying the victim’s emotional request for a harsh penalty. In addition, it may not understand the pains of the victims. However, according to Bingham (2009), “Living by the motto an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth makes people less happy and successful.” The death penalty will trigger never-ending cycle of retribution and offer no solutions. Ultimately, the death penalty may leave the family of the victim in immeasurable grief. According to japan Eederation of Bar Associations (2002), efforts to prevent recurrences by studying the causes and background ofcrimes and preventive measures as well as supporting victims by giving economic assistance, mental care and appropriate involvement in criminal justice procedures will possibly mitigate the sufferings of the bereaved and open a way to ease their feelings, including retributive and revengeful feelings, (p. 386).

In conclusion, capital punishment should be abolished in the world. Everyone has to think about the morality of capital punishment. Humans do not allow the life of humans to claim. The capital punishment is not the answer to solving problems. Therefore, everyone must discuss alternatives to capital punishment. Capital punishment system constitutes a violation of fundamental human rights. The use of the death penalty must not be authorized in any situation.