The Case of ‘Clearly ’
The translations of clearly which were found in the corpus suggested the following meanings: (1) “obviousness resulting from accessible evidence”, such as in w oczy- wisty sposob (evidently/in an evident manner) or oczywiscie (of course/obviously) and (2) authority and conviction, as indicated by the translations wyraznie (plainly/ expressly) and najwyrazniej (apparently/most obviously).13 By analogy to of course, the adverb clearly was used both sentence-initially and sentence-medially.
As pointed out above, the obviousness indicated by clearly was mirrored by the Polish translation oczywiscie (of course), which is shown in (13) below, whereas authority and conviction based on accessible evidence were conveyed by w sposob wyrazny (in a clear manner), as in (14).[1] Interestingly enough, although the latter translation seems to indicate an adverb of manner,[2] its sentence-initial occurrence in English, though not marked off by a comma, excludes this possibility.
(13)
ENG:
I can accept that a measure which reduces the amount of duty payable on the purchase of a new principal residence is likely to facilitate moving in general, and that that may include moving closer to one’s place of work, with the health and environmental benefits attendant thereon. But that begs the question: why not facilitate, in the same way, moving into (or out of) the Flemish Region (which would clearly be beneficial in order to limit cross-border commuting)? The disputed measure, however, links availability of the offset to sequential purchases within the Flemish Region.
POL:
Jestem w stanie przyjqc, ze srodek zmniejszajqcy kwot§ oplaty naleznej przy zakupie nowej nieruchomosci stanowiqcej glowne miejsce zamieszkania moze ogolnie ulatwiac przenoszenie si§, co moze obejmowac przenoszenie si§ blizej miejsca pracy danej osoby z towarzyszqcymi temu korzysciami dla zdrowia i srodowiska. Rodzi to jednak pytanie: dlaczego nie ulatwiac w ten sam sposob przenoszenia si§ do Regionu Flamandzkiego (lub poza ten region) (co byloby oczywiscie korzystne dla ograniczenia dojazdow transgranicznych)? Sporny srodek lqczy jednakze dost^pnosc mozliwosci odliczenia z kolejnymi zakupami w Regionie Flamandzkim. [OAG_29]
(14)
ENG:
Clearly there are points of similarity between the contested measures in those cases and the present matter: Indeed, the Commission alleges discrimination and restriction of Treaty freedoms in all three.
POL:
W sposob wyrazny pomi^dzy spornymi srodkami w tychze sprawach oraz w obecnej sprawie istniejq elementy podobienstwa: Komisja zarzuca dyskryminacj^ i ograniczenie swobod traktatowych we wszystkich trzech sprawach. [OAG_29]
For illustrative purposes, omissions of clearly in the Polish text are shown in (15) and (16) below. Again, the absence of the Polish equivalent in the translation results in the unmodalised statements “it has to look” and “the General Court has,” respectively.
(15)
ENG:
In order for a national court to do this effectively, it clearly has to look beyond the wording of the Decree.
POL:
Aby s^d krajowy mogl to skutecznie rozwazyc, powinien [OMISSION] kierowac si§ czyms wi^cej, niz tylko brzmieniem dekretu. [OAG_24]
(16)
ENG:
In any event, the General Court clearly has ‘full jurisdiction’ for the purposes of Article 6(1) ECHR (not to be confused with the EU concept of unlimited jurisdiction to review financial penalties).
POL:
W kazdym razie S^d [OMISSION] posiada „pelne kompetencje orzecznicze” w rozumieniu art. 6 ust. 1 EKPC (nie nalezy tego mylic z unijnym poj^ciem „nieograniczonego prawa orzekania” w zakresie kontroli kar finansowych). [OAG_30]
- [1] Cf. the most common German translations of clearly and of course, that is deutlich and naturlich,respectively (Simon-Vandenbergen and Aijmer 2007: 331, 343), which indicate the differencebetween the two adverbs. In the Polish translations analysed here, this difference is less obvious.
- [2] Only one such translation was attested by the data.
