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Feasibility of the Four Frames

Table of Contents:

Parts of our four frames can be considered rather common and thus are also present in other studies that have described specific DMT interventions (Brauninger, 2014a, 2014b; Bruno, 1990) or specific working factors present in DMT (Wiedenhofer et al., 2017; Koch, 2017). Dmts described a broad variety of techniques, some of them being clearly rooted in dance, such as Chace circle, movement expression and symbolization, folk dances, others with an origin in body- or movement-oriented approaches, such as visualizations, relaxation techniques, grounding techniques. In addition, dance-based procedures such as composition, choreography (Fischman, 2017) and symbolic expression of inner states (Victoria, 2012) are regularly reported but often not clearly placed as part of a specific therapeutic model. It is crucial that dmts strive to provide detailed description of their session contents and specific dance-informed procedures in their therapeutic function. Indeed, this would disclose the specific contribution of DMT to the broader field of mental health.

The challenge is to describe DMT interventions for use in research and/or guidelines without losing the complex nature of DMT. However, evidence-based research is important in order to ensure that DMT is an effective intervention for health-related psychological problems. The demonstration of its effectiveness is essential for promoting DMT to health care and/or education providers, and in a bigger sense, to the survival of the profession (Koch, Kunz, Lykou, & Cruz, 2014). A structural framework as presented here may support dmts in this task.

Future Perspectives

The scoping review responded to the call made to determine more systematically what the contents of specific DMT interventions are, because so little is known about therapists’ choices and which specific DMT interventions and their related methods and activities are applied during sessions (Brauninger, 2014b). The structural frames may help to describe, write and teach the complexity of DMT interventions and develop the notion that a single intervention (even a single movement) may carry information about therapeutic structures, therapy theory models or meta-theoretical models.

The proposed conceptual framework, stemming from the investigation of theoretical as well as practice-based descriptions of DMT interventions, may be helpful for adding much-needed depth to the body of knowledge about the use of DMT and other embodied therapies. We realize the unique position of embodied, arts-based therapies. They provide a distinctive, experiential quality, which may be considered as their specific contribution to the field of (mental) health but which also provides an extra challenge when wanting to formulate coherent interventions for the dynamically changing professional field. Machteld Huber et al. (2011) conceptualized positive (mental) health as the ability to adapt and self-manage in the face of social, physical and emotional challenges. If this is the 21st century concept of health, it invites the dmts to join the development of health care and prevention models— and by doing so, we are also responsiblefor being explicit about our theoreticalfoundations and procedures.

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