Chain of Custody

Proper chain-of-custody practices should be followed when collecting and submitting trace evidence. Seal each envelope or bindle with packing tape. Write the time and date sealed and your initials across the tape and the envelope. Many agencies prefer that a copy of the police report be included with all submitted evidence. The detective or animal control officer working the case should be consulted for specifics of procedure. Seal the entire “kit” the same way you sealed the envelopes.

Keep a copy of the chain of custody and list of contents outside the sealed kit. The person taking possession of the kit must sign the chain of custody, thereby preserving the chain of custody.

Provide a copy of the entire veterinary report (including the chain of custody) to the investigator. Some agencies may request a copy of clinical or postmortem photos. Refer to your agency policy for direction as to whether a subpoena is required or if there is a position statement guiding making all clinical photos available to law enforcement. Be sure to keep all originals of the report and the photos.

Conditioning

Animals may be conditioned or trained to accept sexual abuse or to perform sexual acts. Any conditioned behaviors exhibited, such as assuming a posture of lordosis during the exam, thrusting, or spontaneous ejaculation should be noted, and videotaped if possible.

CASE 4

History: A stray 3-year-old female, small in stature, German shepherd mix was admitted to a veterinary facility. The dog appeared to have severe trauma to the outer vulva area with bleeding, scabbing, and what appeared to be ulcerative tissue.

Physical Exam: It was immediately assumed that the dog was sexually abused. Other than the external lesions described above, there were no internal lesions or indication of trauma. No perineal bruising was observed. Forensic evidence was incorrectly obtained using unsterile swabs and collection equipment. The lesions were immediately lavaged with chlorhexidine solution so no further forensic testing could be attempted.

Outcome: Impression smears of the outer vulvar lesions were eventually performed. Cytology indicated transmissible venereal tumors.

Note: It is always correct if in doubt to perform a forensic exam and collect evidence prior to doing any form of rectal temperature or treatment of the affected perineal area, but it is better to do nothing than contaminate forensic evidence if you are not equipped or able to perform it correctly. Prepare ahead or contact a forensic veterinarian to talk you through or assist with the examination.

Conclusion

All cases of animal cruelty, including suspected or actual ASA, are serious crimes. Any form of animal abuse can potentially be a precursor to crimes against humans. Many veterinarians are unaware of the impact their exam can have on a case. It is imperative that the veterinarian adheres to best forensic practices when caring for an animal that is a suspected victim of ASA.

References

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